Braddock and King - their official titles
The titles are known as styling - how the leader styled his or herself.
General Braddock
Major-General Edward Braddock, generalissimo of H. B. M. forces in America
This title is found in the title of a book:
The history of an expedition against Fort Du Quesne, in 1755, under Major-General Edward Braddock, generalissimo of H. B. M. forces in America - By Winthrop Sargent.
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HBM means His/Her Brave Majesty
Sources:
Author:Winthrop Sargent; Historical Society of Pennsylvania.Publisher:Philadelphia : J.B. Lippincott for the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1856.Series:Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, v. 5.Edition/Format:Print book : EnglishView all editions and formats
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Touch or click on picture of Braddock. This is only know likeness of him made.
Source:
KING GEORGE II
King George II's full style was "George the Second, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire".[138]
KING GEORGE III
In Great Britain, King George III used the official style "George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and so forth". In 1801, when Great Britain united with Ireland, he dropped the title of king of France, which had been used for every English monarch since Edward III's claim to the French throne in the medieval period.[97] His style became "George the Third, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith."[131]
In Germany, he was "Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Arch-Treasurer and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire" (Herzog von Braunschweig und Lüneburg, Erzschatzmeister und Kurfürst des Heiligen Römischen Reiches[132]) until the end of the empire in 1806. He then continued as duke until the Congress of Vienna declared him "King of Hanover" in 1814.[131]
Why is France included?
Weren't there a lot of English Kings living in France before Edward III ?
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Yes
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Anjou
30 year reign of Henry II
Peter O Toole did 2 movies of this King
Early years of the kIng fight Beckett
Later years arguing with his imprisoned wife, Katherine Hepburn, Queen of Aquitaine
One of his sons was Richard the Lion Hearted
The Angevins (from the French term meaning "from Anjou") ruled over the Angevin Empire during the 12th and 13th centuries, an area stretching from the Pyrenees to Ireland. They did not regard England as their primary home until most of their continental domains were lost by King John
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Plantagenets
50 yr reign of King Edward III
coincided with Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy in Avignon.
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he declared himself rightful heir to the French throne in 1337.
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King Henry V
1415 hero of the battle of Agincourt
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King Henry VI
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Joan of Arc (French: Jeanne d'Arc[3][4]pronounced [ʒan daʁk]; c. 1412 – 30 May 1431),[5] nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" (French: La Pucelle d'Orléans
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc
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Ending the claim on France
The French Revolution overthrew and abolished the monarchy on 21 September 1792 and replaced it with the French Republic. In the War of the First Coalition British–French negotiations were held in Lille from July to November 1797.
The French demanded dropping the title; James Harris, 1st Earl of Malmesbury was prepared to omit it from the king's signature to the envisaged peace treaty but had not conceded further by the time the talks collapsed.[4]
In the Commons' discussion of the negotiations, Sir John Sinclair called the demand "frivolous" and "hardly worth contending for";[5]
William Pitt the Younger called the title "a harmless feather, at most, in the crown of England";[6] French Laurence called it an "ancient dignity" the ceding of which would lose honour and bring disgrace.[7] In 1800, the Act of Union joined the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland to a new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
George III chose this opportunity to drop his claim to the now defunct French throne, whereupon the fleurs de lis, part of the coat of arms of all claimant Kings of France since the time of Edward III, was also removed from the British royal arms. Britain recognised the French Republic by the Treaty of Amiens of 1802.
The change was not acknowledged by Jacobite claimant Cardinal Henry Benedict Stuart. He continued to formally style himself King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland until his death on 13 July 1807.
Although the fleurs-de-lys were completely removed from the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, they were later included in the arms of Canada, the British dominion, where they symbolise the heritage of the French Canadians, rather than the former British claim to the French throne.[8]
While the position of King of France was restored in 1814 (and later abolished for the final time in 1848) subsequent British monarchs did not pursue the claim to the French throne.
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Compiled by Jim Moyer 2019, updated 11/21/2023
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