Catawba allies - oh they're coming
They are coming to Winchester VA.
The Catawba are on their way to Williamsburg, and then from there to Winchester VA.
And the Cherokee are coming too.
Indian Alley in Winchester VA isn't named Indian Alley for no reason.
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And they expect PRESENTS
Much is made of how difficult it was to deal with them.
And they were.
They expected "presents. As if that was unreasonable?
Often they used the analogy of how a parent treats his children with presents. And that's what they expected.
They were going to provide a service of scouring the woods for enemy war parties.
They were going to pair up with the Virginia Regiment companies in these scouting sorties.
There was no doubt in any white man's mind, some of them really knew how to fight in the woods.
Some were useless, as is the case in any bell curve describing any slice of humanity.
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NOISY MEN
Some Indians refused to travel with any white man.
They were loud.
They were ridiculous, like a landlubber at sea.
Indian Agent Edmond Atkin instructed Deputy Christopher Gist with words that reflected the lessons learned by the Cherokees on the Sandy Creek Expedition
[November 16, 1757] Whereas both the Cherokees and the Catawbas have signified to me their dislike to a practice of many persons belonging to the Virginia Regt., and others, being fond of going out with them upon scouting after the enemy who, [the Virginians] not being used to that kind of service & therefore not fit for it, are a clog upon them [the Cherokees & Catawbas] and baulk them in their operations. For yet when it becomes necessary, they cannot keep them company either in marching or running; nor endure hunger; and by making too much noise and fire in the woods, make a discovery of them to the enemy. You are therefore to take especial care to hinder any white men whatever from going out with any of the Indian scouting parties unless at the voluntary requests of those Indians. And in such case, they are not to be commanded by any person whatever but their own captain, and are to go their own way to work in the Indian manner.
Source
Washington saw that noisiness too for himself.
He saw it most especially on his southern trip in 1756. He wondered how in the world they didn't all get killed. GW wrote to Dinwiddie Nov 9, 1756 days after the southern tour was over Oct 22, 1756.:
"and by the protection of Providence,
[ October 20, 1756 ]
without meeting the enemy;
otherwise we must have fallen a Sacrifice,
thro’ the indiscretion
of these hooping,
hallooing, Gentlemen-Soldiers! "
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For now, look at this route the Catawba hike
We are constantly amazed by the distances. The people of this time travel distances like they're on motorcycles. In this case, we are tracking the Catawba. They're coming up from the south. We place their starting point to be the place of their current reservation area.
They go from A to D. That "D" is Clement Read's place.
Back then some of the progenitors, I mean specifically some of the first Whites in the neighborhood, called their homes a name. His? He called it Bushy Forest.
Currently the Charlotte Courthouse sits on what was Clement Read's home, Bushy Forest. At the time, that was Lunenburg County until 1765.
Clement Read is the County Lieutenant. All the counties had one. He is also in the House of Burgesses, representing Lunenburg County.
Founders Online notes: "Clement Read (Reade), one of the leaders in the defense of Virginia’s southwestern frontier during the war, was county lieutenant of Lunenburg County and from 1758 until his death in 1763 was one of its burgesses."
Another source has this to say of Clement Read:
Clement Read was one of the most influential men in Lunenburg County as that county was originally laid out. He was appointed in 1745 the first clerk of the court, was county-lieutenant, and burgess for a series of years, first of Lunenburg and subsequently of Charlotte County. He was the ancestor of a numerous and distinguished family. His son Isaac was the lieutenant-colonel of the Fourth Virginia Regiment in the Revolution, and died in the service at Philadelphia. His son Thomas was also a leading man in the Revolution, was county-lieutenant of Charlotte, and its clerk for more than half a century. One of the daughters of Colonel Clement Read was the wife of Judge Paul Carrington the elder, and thus the progenitress of numerous distinguished descendants. —
Ctrl F to find Clement in this pdf file:
Clement Read reports to GW the Catawba split into two groups. One goes to Williamsburg. The other group goes to Fort Loudoun Winchester VA. A white man is assigned to each group to ensure safe passage. Clement Read asks Colonel Washington to be sure they get paid, or such an assignment will find no White Man wanting it. And such allies need accompaniment. Despite being allies, the painted Catawba look quite like Halloween as they traverse through White settlements.
The two white men assigned? Robert Vaughan is guiding the Williamsburg group, 26 in number. His brother, Abraham Vaughan, is guiding the Winchester group, 93 in number. Colonel George Washington states to Dinwiddie on 1 April 1757 numbers of 25 gone to Williamsburg and 95 now in Winchester.
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Who were the Catawba leaders here?
Capt. French, or the French Warrior, and Capt. Bullen" traveled with the Williamsburg group.
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Founders Online note on those 2 Catawba:
Both Jimmy Bullen and Captain French were killed in an ambush on 23 Aug. 1758 near Fort Cumberland, where they were “buried with Military Honours” (GW to Henry Bouquet, 24 Aug. 1758). Bullen in particular was a favorite of GW’s. See Source of this statement.
Jimmy Bullen was considered a likely contender to take over from King Hagler of the Catawba.
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Robert Vaughan, the white man assigned to escort the Catawba through the white settlement areas, helped build some of the first roads in that area of Virginia in the 1740s.
Those 2 Catawba were killed outside of Fort Cumberland 23 Aug 1758.
GW writes on 24 Aug 1758, "When the Convoy got within 6 Miles of this place [Fort Cumberland] 3 Cuttawba Men & 2 Squaws contrary to the Advice of the Officers, set on before the Convoy for this Garrison, and soon after were fird upon by about 10 or 12 of the Enemy who Killd Captn Bullen and Captn French, & wounded one of the Squaws.
The loss we sustain by the death of these two Indian Warriors is at this Juncture very considerable as they were very remarkable for their bravery, and attachment to Our Interest—particularly poor Bullen, whom (and the other) we buried with Military Honours. The rest of the Cuttawbas, & what Nottoway’s and Tuscarora’s that are here sets out to Morrow with the Waggon’s for Rays Town.1"
William Byrd says it was not the enemy who killed the 2 Catawba leaders, Bullen and Captain French.
William Byrd says it was our other allies the Cherokee who killed those two Catawba leaders.
Founders Online notes, "William Byrd wrote Forbes on this day: “Some Indians that escaped affirm they were Cherokees that did the Misschief; & ’tis probable they were, as they left a Knife & a Spear in Bullen’s Body that Captain Gist gave them, which he knew again” (Scottish Record Office: Dalhousie Muniments)."
Who were the other Catawba leaders went to Williamsburg?
King Hagler and his brother the Conjurer, came up separately later and they also went to Williamsburg.
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Founders Online footnote 1.
The journals of the Virginia council for 18 Mar. 1757 include the following entry:
“The Council being informed that the potent Warriour Hagler King of the Catawba Nation was arrived near Town with two of his great Men, Peter Randolph Esqr. by Desire of the Board withdrew and proceeded in a Coach to meet them, and having accompanied them to the Capitol, they were introduced into the Council Chamber with six and twenty more of the Catawbas, who came here the Wednesday before [16 Mar.], and Robert Vaughan Interpreter; King Hagler, after he and his Attendants had taken all the Council by the Hand, and their Seats, expressed himself to the following Purpose.” Among other things, Hagler told the council that he brought with him between eighty and ninety more warriors and had left them “upon the Frontiers” (Exec. Journals of Virginia Council, 6:31–32). On 19 Mar. William Fairfax, president of the council, promised the Catawba the required supplies.
Source:
Executive Council to the Governor:
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And the Cherokee are coming too.
Clement Read writes on 15 March 1757 to Colonel George Washington who is still in Philly:
As from Information of these Indians,
I every day expect,
Capt. Johnny Cawtaba &
Mr Abraham Smith a Virginian,
with 200 Cherokees and
some more of the Catawba Nation
which I must also send a White Man
with as a Guide I must hope,
Founders Online notes:
"Captain Johnny was in the small party of Catawba that came to Winchester in October 1756 and left there for Williamsburg at the end of the year. Captain Johnny then went down to the Cherokee territory to persuade the Cherokee to send warriors to GW in the spring. Abraham Smith was an Indian trader whom Dinwiddie had employed in early 1754 to enlist the support of the Creek and Cherokee warriors in Virginia’s pending conflict with the French."
Source:
RESEARCH NOTES
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Clement Read references to his letters
Extended bio on Colonel Clement Read
Colonel Clement Read, the grandfather of the preacher, was born in Virginia, in the year 1707, and was early bereft of his father. John Robinson, of Spottsylvania, became his guardian. This gentleman was appointed Trustee of William and Mary College, in 1729. He was President of the Council, and, on the departure of Governor Gooch for England, in 1749, became governor, and in a few days- died. The education of young Read was superintended by Mr. Robinson, and completed at William and Mary College, Commissary Blair being president. In the year 1730, Mr. Read was married to Mary, the only daughter of William Hill, an officer in the British Navy, the second son of the Marquis of Lansdowne.
Clement Read was born in 1707, at birth place, Virginia, to Thomas George Reade and Lucy Bernard Reade (born Gwynne). Thomas was born in 1649, in Gloucester, Gloucester, Virginia, United States. Lucy was born in 1680, in Gloucester City, Gloucester, Virginia, United States. Clement had 7 siblings: Joyce Tompkins (born Reade), Mary Reade and 5 other siblings. Clement passed away in 1763, at age 56 at death place, Virginia.
Colonel Clement Reade, or Read was born in Virginia, Jan-
uary 1, 1707. Was left an orphan before he was twelve years of
age. John Robinson of King and Queen county, known as
"President" Robinson, was his guardian and superintended his
education, which was completed at William and Mary College,
Williamsburg, Virginia. He was given a legal education and
qualified as an attorney in Brunswick, Goochland and Albemarle
counties. On May 5, 1746, he was appointed clerk of Lunen-
berg county. The county had just been formed and he was the
first clerk, which office he held until his death, seventeen years
later. He was a member of the House of Burgesses from 1748
to 1758. He married Mary Hill, daughter of Wm. Hill and
granddaughter of Governor Edmund Jennings, and they had
eight children; five sons and three daughters. His eldest son
Clement, Jr., was born in 1736. He married 1757, Mary Nash,
eldest daughter of Judge John Nash, who was chairman of the
Safety Committee.
Clement Read, Jr., and his wife, Mary Nash, had five chil-
dren — Clement, who was a lieutenant in the Revolutionary Army,
died in Richmond, Virginia, at the age of 21 years; Mary, who
married Robert Bedford, moved west and died in 1803. John
Nash who served under General Green at Guilford
https://manage.wix.com/dashboard/12f6b9e6-47cf-2569-1c23-a797dfa6fe41/blog/605280f2cf62830016398d77/edit
The Cherokee Frontier: Conflict and Survival, 1740–62
By David H. Corkran
Clement letter to Dinwiddie is a whopper page 116
.
Appendix Cherokee leaders
Clement Read to Dinwiddie, Luneburg, 5 April 1757 (copy), Loudoun Papers, Box 86, LO 3670; Dinwiddie to Lyttelton, Williamsburg, 28 May 1757, Lyttelton Papers, Reel 1
‘Two Brothers Falling Out’: the Slide to War, 1756–59
In the autumn of 1758 a series of savage combats broke out in the back settlements of Virginia. White settlers, exasperated by the robberies and violence of warriors en route to or from the defence of the frontier, ambushed Cherokee parties without distinction- Cberokees, frightened of British Intentions, short of trade goods, cheated of their presents for courageous service and out to avenge fallen comrades, struck back In implacable fury. Britain and the Cherokee nation were on the brink of a conflict neither side wanted, and which could only assist their enemies.
The crisis was largely the outcome of chronic British mismanagement of Cherokee affairs over the preceding two years. French intrigue had fanned suspicions raised by the failure of both South Carolina and Virginia to honour the pledges of Saluda and Broad River. Lyttelton blankly ignored the most sinister danger of all – the creeping advance of white settlement beyond Long Canes. When the Cherokees marched north in 1757 and 1758 they were already wary of their allies. But service in Virginia – the Cherokees’ side of the bargain – might be the only means of securing the trade and protection they needed. With generous and tactful treatment the British might still have restored the Cherokees’ trust and defused a very dangerous situation. Yet the clumsiness of the superintendency system, the rivalries between superintendent, colonies and military commanders, ensured chaos, confusion and, ultimately, violence. Had Loudoun and Abercromby been less busy and blinkered, had John Forbes been more healthy and less harried, perhaps the generals would have taken unilateral action. Their failure to do so left Anglo-Cherokee relations teetering on the precipice of open war. Saluda and Broad River did not end the resentful manoeuvres of the defeated Tellico–Hiwassee faction, and these resentments were vigorJ. Oliphant, Peace and War on the Anglo-Cherokee Frontier, 1756–63 © John Oliphant 2001 32 Peace and War on the Anglo-Cherokee Frontier, 1756–63 ously exploited by French agents. The most important of these was the Chevalier Louis de Lantagnac, a French officer who had been captured in 1745, turned his coat, and spent years as a Cherokee trader with a South Carolina licence. But in 1755, with war about to erupt, he had defected to Fort Toulouse where he was employed by Louis de Kelérec, the Governor of Louisiana, to direct French propaganda amongst the Cherokees. By 1756 he had two subordinates in the field: Pierre Chartier, a half-Shawnee known as Savannah Tom, and a Canadian whom the British called French John, supposedly Connecorte’s slave.1 French John’s status gave him immunity from arrest by the British soldiers who arrived to build Fort Loudoun, and his and Chartier’s insinuations were supported by visiting Shawnees and by anti-British factions amongst the Creeks. In the late spring of 1757 Kelérec was able to reinforce this effort by building a base on the Lower Ohio, eleven miles below the mouth of the Tennessee (Cherokee) River. Besides checking Cherokee raids against the Mississippi River traffic, Fort de l’Ascension, or Massac as it came to be known, could be used to build French credit within the nation.2 By the autumn these moves, exploiting the failure of the British colonies to provide an adequate trade, Virginia’s failure to man her fort, South Carolina’s delay in building hers and British military reverses, were bearing fruit. In October 1756 the Mankiller of Tellico led a 24-strong delegation to Fort Toulouse. There he, the Shawnees and the French officers tried unsuccessfully to commit a Creek embassy to a joint attack on the British. Afterwards the Mankiller went home, but Lantagnac took five of his companions to Mobile and thence to New Orleans.3 In November these five, claiming to represent the whole nation, signed a preliminary treaty with Kelérec. The Cherokees undertook an alliance against the British in return for promises of copious quantities of trade goods and presents. Shortly afterwards the merchantman Revanche, homeward-bound with Kelérec’s report and a copy of the draft treaty, met HM sloop Jamaica, and the papers fell into British hands. Coming at a time of failure in the north and conspicuous weakness in the south, the news of the Franco-Cherokee alliance caused a mild panic. Loudoun, understandably mistaking the Cherokees’ motives, thought it demonstrated the folly of giving Indians ammunition before they had proved their willingness to fight the enemy.4 In fact the treaty was a dead letter. The Cherokees who agreed to it did not represent the whole nation, even though – as Captains Raymond Demeré and John Stuart at Fort Loudoun suspected – Connecorte and Attakullakulla had given the embassy their approval.
Cherokee contact Maryland
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Now here come the Cherokee. They want presents too. Go figure. As if there's something wrong with that?
Yes this quid pro quo is going to go all wrong. You already knew that, but we'll regale you with the specifics of that wrong down the road.
For now, look at this route they hike. We are constantly amazed by the distances. The people of this time travel distances like they're on motorcycles. In this case, we are tracking the
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This is the beginning of the Indian Campaign of 1757. It results in a war against our own allies in the year following. We continue our trek through 1757 in this year of 2021.
While Colonel George Washington is still in Philadelphia, Indian allies are coming up from the south. Founders Online notes this timeline: "The southern governors’ conference with Loudoun in Philadelphia broke up on 23 Mar., and GW was in Annapolis on his way to Alexandria on 30 March."
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Catawba see Clement Read
The Catawba have already visited Clement Read in Lunenburg County VA. Who is Clement Read? Founders Online notes: "Clement Read (Reade), one of the leaders in the defense of Virginia’s southwestern frontier during the war, was county lieutenant of Lunenburg County and from 1758 until his death in 1763 was one of its burgesses." His letter is below.
They are coming to Winchester VA
The Catawba are on their way to Williamsburg, and then from there to Winchester VA.
Indian Alley in Winchester VA isn't named Indian Alley for no reason.
.
And they expect PRESENTS
Much is made of how difficult it was to deal with them.
And they were.
They expected "presents."
As if that was unreasonable?
Often they used the analogy of how a parent treats his children with presents. And that's what they expected
And was that quid pro quo going to go wrong?
Of course it will.
But there was no doubt in any white man's mind, some of them really knew how to fight in the woods. Some were useless, as is the case in any bell curve describing any slice of humanity.
.
.
.
NOISY MEN
Some Indians refused to travel with any white man. They were loud. They were ridiculous, like a landlubber at sea.
Indian Agent Atkin instructed Deputy Christopher Gist with words that reflected the lessons learned by the Cherokees on the Sandy Creek Expedition:
[November 16, 1757] Whereas both the Cherokees and the Catawbas have signified to me their dislike to a practice of many persons belonging to the Virginia Regt., and others, being fond of going out with them upon scouting after the enemy who, [the Virginians] not being used to that kind of service & therefore not fit for it, are a clog upon them [the Cherokees & Catawbas] and baulk them in their operations. For yet when it becomes necessary, they cannot keep them company either in marching or running; nor endure hunger; and by making too much noise and fire in the woods, make a discovery of them to the enemy. You are therefore to take especial care to hinder any white men whatever from going out with any of the Indian scouting parties unless at the voluntary requests of those Indians. And in such case, they are not to be commanded by any person whatever but their own captain, and are to go their own way to work in the Indian manner.
Source
Washington saw that noisiness too for himself. He saw it most especially on his southern trip in 1756. He wondered how in the world they didn't all get killed. GW wrote to Dinwiddie Nov 9, 1756 days after the southern tour was over Oct 22, 1756.:
"and by the protection of Providence,
[ October 20, 1756 ]
without meeting the enemy;
otherwise we must have fallen a Sacrifice,
thro’ the indiscretion
of these hooping,
hallooing, Gentlemen-Soldiers! "
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And now the letter:
The quoted parts of the letter are in orange.
Secondary sources are dark blue, and text by this blogger in black.
Links show underlines.
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To George Washington
from Clement Read,
15 March 1757
From Clement Read Lunenburg March 15th 1757.
Dear Sir,
.
About 10 Daies agoe, [days ago]
there came to my House
twenty Six Indians of the
with two War Captains,
Capt. French, or the French Warrior,
and Capt. Bullen,
who I sent under the Care of
Robert Vaughan
to Williamsburg
where they desir’d to go
before they March’d to you.
[which is Fort Loudoun Winchester VA]
Those two Catawba
meet their death
during the Forbes Expedition
in one year and 5 months from now.
Founders Online footnote:
Both Jimmy Bullen
and Captain French
were killed
in an ambush on 23 Aug. 1758
near Fort Cumberland,
where they were
“buried with Military Honours”
Bullen in particular was a favorite of GW’s.
Jimmy Bullen was considered a likely contender to take over from King Hagler of the Catawba.
.
Robert Vaughan helped build some of the first roads in that area of Virginia in the 1740s.
About five daies agoe,
there came to my House
93 of the same Nation
with their King, Haglar,
after they held a Council,
it was determin’d,
that the King,
with his Brother and Conjurer,
shou’d go to Wmsburg also,
and that the others shou’d March
directly to you;
[Fort Loudoun Winchester VA]
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To recap, this means 26 Catawba went to Williamsburgh, led by Chief Hagler and his brother the conjurer, accompanied by the Robert Vaughan, the white man, to assure their safe passage.
And 93 Catawba travel with Abraham Vaughan to Fort Loudoun Winchester VA. Captain George Mercer who is at Fort Loudoun confirms the number of 93 Catawba when they show up at the fort in Winchester VA.
Whereupon, as their Numbers were great,
the Country thro’ which
they were to pass thinly Inhabited,
and as the Frontiers might be frightned
at such an Appearance of Painted Indians,
I deem’d it necessary to send a White Man along with them,
And as Robert Vaughan was gone with thee first 26, and as the Nation seem’d very fond of him, I thought I might please them in sending his Brother Abraham Vaughan with these to you, and they seem’d pleas’d that I did.
Founders Online notes,
"This letter from Read is addressed on the cover: “To Colo. Washington at Winchester By Abraham Vaughan with 93 Cawtaba Indians.”"
What I have to desire of you Sir, is, that you wou’d please to Satisfie Mr Vaughan according to thee trouble he has taken & must take,
I need not inform you that
they are a very troublesome set of people,
and their manner of travelling thro’ the Inhabitants,
must give their Guide a vast deal of trouble & fatigue,
Founders Online footnote:
" An entry in GW’s Regimental Accounts dated 25 Mar. indicates that £8 10s. was “paid Abraham Vaughan as Guide to the Cawtawbaws from Lunenburgh” "
And as from this Consideration, &
the Necessity of Keeping up a friendship with them,
I have taken these Steps,
in the Absence of his Honour the Governor,
which I hope may be approved of.
As from Information of these Indians,
I every day expect,
Capt. Johnny Cawtaba &
Mr Abraham Smith a Virginian,
with 200 Cherokees and
some more of the Catawba Nation
which I must also send a White Man
with as a Guide I must hope,
Founders Online notes:
"Captain Johnny was in the small party of Catawba that came to Winchester in October 1756 and left there for Williamsburg at the end of the year. Captain Johnny then went down to the Cherokee territory to persuade the Cherokee to send warriors to GW in the spring. Abraham Smith was an Indian trader whom Dinwiddie had employed in early 1754 to enlist the support of the Creek and Cherokee warriors in Virginia’s pending conflict with the French."
and take the freedom of recommending to you,
the paying of Mr Abraham Vaughan to his Content,
otherwise I have reason to fear,
We shall hereafter get none to go on this Slavish Service;
I need not add, but that I am,
Dear Sir, Your unknown, but mo. Obedt Hum. Servant Clement Read
P.S. I have given Abraham Vaughan twelve pounds ten shillings, all the money I have, to assist him in Carrying on to Winchester. C.R. ALS, DLC:GW.
Founders Online Footnotes:
1. The journals of the Virginia council for 18 Mar. 1757 include the following entry:
“The Council being informed that the potent Warriour Hagler King of the Catawba Nation was arrived near Town with two of his great Men, Peter Randolph Esqr. by Desire of the Board withdrew and proceeded in a Coach to meet them, and having accompanied them to the Capitol, they were introduced into the Council Chamber with six and twenty more of the Catawbas, who came here the Wednesday before [16 Mar.], and Robert Vaughan Interpreter; King Hagler, after he and his Attendants had taken all the Council by the Hand, and their Seats, expressed himself to the following Purpose.” Among other things, Hagler told the council that he brought with him between eighty and ninety more warriors and had left them “upon the Frontiers” (Exec. Journals of Virginia Council, 6:31–32). On 19 Mar. William Fairfax, president of the council, promised the Catawba the required supplies.
Item
LinkOriginal
Full view v.1 1680-1699University of Michigan
Full view v.2 1699-1705University of Michigan
Full view v.3 1705-1721University of Michigan
Full view v.4 1721-1739University of Michigan
Full view v.5 1739-1754University of Michigan
Full view v.6 1754-1773 Executive Journals of the Council of Colonial Virginia
Title:Executive Journals of the Council of Colonial Virginia
Note:6 volumes; Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1925-1966
Stable link here:
https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=olbp65003
Other copies:Look for editions of this book at your library, or elsewhere.
George Mercer wrote GW, probably on 24 or 26 Mar., that “95 Cutawba’s, beside 25 that are gone to Williamsburgh,” were in Winchester (GW to Dinwiddie, 2 April 1757). This letter from Read is addressed on the cover: “To Colo. Washington at Winchester By Abraham Vaughan with 93 Cawtaba Indians.”
Source:
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More on this above letter from this blog:
To get this straight, ninety-three Catawba Warriors were to march directly to Col. Washington's command. There were already 26 Catawba present. That makes 119 total. There is also mention that Hagler has a brother whom they call a “conjurer”.
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ABOUT 3 INDIANS
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From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 29 May 1757
To Robert Dinwiddie Fort Loudoun, 29th May 1757. To Governor Dinwiddie. Honble Sir, Mr Atkins delay is productive of numberless ill consequences. I am teased incessantly by the Indians to know when he will come; and have put them off so long, that their patience is quite exhausted; and several of them are going off without waiting his arrival.1
Among these are three who I must beg leave to recommend to your Honors particular notice—
The first is Capt. Aires,
about Hixayoura; a Cuttawba: He was the Indian that took the scalp which King Hiegler brought to your Honor; and shewed a great desire to encourage his Brethren to go to war again, and did go himself with Capt. Butten.2
The next is Captain Tom,
the Chief of the Nottoways: He has received less, and deserves more than any of them; as he used great pains to bring the Tusks, and has met with no reward for it, although he was promised one.
and the last is a young Cuttawba fellow,
who made his escape with Sergeant Feint, after having killed and scalped two of the enemy just by their own Town: The scalps he has with him.3
I am &c. G:W. LB, DLC:GW.
FOUNDERS ONLINE FOOTNOTES:
1. In a letter to George Croghan, 8 June 1757, Edmond Atkin wrote from Winchester: “I got to this place the 3d Inst., where I found Wawhatchee with 46 of his people, (besides one woman) & Yatahnou [Youghtanno], with his 13, waiting on me, after their return from Maryland & Pennsylvania. . . . In my way to the Town, I was informed by an half Breed Cawtaba, that Wawhatchee’s Party had formed a Resolution of going into all the White Peoples Houses in their way homeward and of taking whatever they liked. . . . At my arrival, I was in the House Wawhatchee came with most of his people to see me, I seem’d to take but little notice of him, & in a few minutes he said he wanted to hear what I had to say. I told him when I was ready to speak to him, I would let him know it. When would that be? I said I had given an answer already” (Pa. Archives, 1st ser., 3:175–82). After several days of such maneuvering, some of the Cherokee left under escort for home, and some of Wawhatchee’s warriors went into Maryland without Wawhatchee. The latter warriors returned on 14 June. 2. As GW would hardly have misspelled Catawba Jimmy Bullen’s name in this way and as it is doubtful that he would have used this unlikely spelling for King Hagler, these are probably mistakes of the clerk who later copied the letter books. Captain Jacob Ayres (Colonel Ayres) became the king of the Catawba tribe after King Hagler was killed by the Shawnee in 1763. Hixa-Uraw was one of the Catawba names affixed to the treaty of alliance that William Byrd III and Peter Randolph negotiated in February 1756 (see Robert Dinwiddie to GW, 23 April 1756, n.6). Perhaps “about” was the copyist’s misreading of “alias.” For accounts of King Hagler’s and Jimmy Bullen’s movements, see Clement Read to GW, 15 Mar. 1757, and notes.
3. For Joseph Fent’s exploits, see GW to Dinwiddie, 24 May 1757, n.1.
Joseph Fent (Feint) enlisted in the Virginia Regiment in May 1756 and was a sergeant in Henry Woodward’s company. He was one of five soldiers and two Catawba supposedly killed in a skirmish near Fort Duquesne in November. The Pennsylvania Gazette (Philadelphia), 10 Mar. 1757, reported the erection of a monument at Fort Cumberland “to the Memory of Serj. William Shaw, Serj. Joseph Fent, Jeremiah Poor, James Cope, and Timothy Shaw, Soldiers of the Virginia Regiment . . . To testify the Love, Honour and Esteem, paid to them by their Officers, for their great Courage and valiant Behaviour.” Another of this group besides Fent eventually made his way back home. William Shaw, after cruel treatment at Fort Duquesne, was eventually exchanged and sent to England. He petitioned the House of Burgesses for compensation for his injuries and “helpless Situation” and was awarded £60 (JHB, 1758–1761, 66, 68).
SOURCE:
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ROBERT VAUGHAN
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Ancestry
ROBERT VAUGHAN
Born: abt. 1705, Prince George County, VA
Died: 25 Sept 1779, Amelia County, VA
Married: Martha - bef. 18 May 1732, Bristol Parish
Martha died after 25 Sept 1779
Robert owned 800 acres on Flatt Creek, Amelia County, VA. Part of the land was
adj. Mirey Branch, near the present Powhatan County line.
Children: Phoebe, Nicholas, Robert, Jr., JAMES, Willis, Ann, and (second son
James?) Vaughan
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road builder
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THE FAMILY OF READ OR READE
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The Reads and their relatives; being an account of Colonel Clement and Madam Read of Bushy Forest, Lunenburg County, Virginia, their eight children, their descendants, and allied families by Rouse, Alice Riddle Read Publication date 1930
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A list of Governors, Councillors and Other Higher Officials, and also of Members of the House of Burgesses, and the Revolutionary Conventions of the Colony of Virginia --- Compiled by William Glover and Mary Newton Standard, published by Joel Munsell's Sons, Publishers, Albany, New York, 1902.
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note in 1749 Clement Read although raised by the Robinsons is not listed as a temporary President or Governor when Gooch left for England
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Lunenburg County was established on May 1, 1746, from Brunswick County. The county is named for the former Duchy of Brunswick-Lünenburg[4] in Germany, because one of the titles also carried by Britain's Hanoverian kings was Duke of Brunswick-Lünenburg. It is nicknamed "The Old Free State" because during the buildup of the Civil War, it let Virginia know the county would break off if the state did not join The Confederacy.
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Was the Governor of Virginia in 1749.
Clement was educated at William and Mary College. He became a Trustee of the College in 1729. He also served as a Vestryman of Brunswick and Lunenburg Parish. In 1746, he served as the Clerk of Lunenburg Co.Virgina. Clement was considered an influential member of the King's Council. When Gov. Gooch returned to England, he became Governor of the Colony.
And "his seat, Bushy Forest," was early in the following century burned to the ground with its contents, thus eliminating clues which might have rendered less fatal the destruction of most of the early county records by subsequent war, rapine and fire.
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CHARLOTTE COURTHOUSE
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The area of Charlotte supported this movement with the establishment of a magazine in 1756 on Clement Read's land at Bushy Forest near the site of Charlotte Court House (Ailsworth et al, 39).
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Google car in front of Charlotte Courthouse
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We know we are in vicinity also because of this statement:
Jameson settled the property with his wife Anne Read, the daughter of Clement Read and Mary Hill of Bushy Forest, the wealthiest and most powerful family in the region.[6] Jameson's alliance with a leading family in the county was an advantageous one, for he secured a number of important commissions in spite of his foreign birth, including County Justice (1772 and 1784), Vestryman of Cornwall Parish (1778), Escheator (1778), Militia Lieutenant (1778), and Militia Captain (1779).[7]
It was Jameson who named the plantation Annefield, presumably in honor of his wife. The name first appears in the county records when the last will & testament of William Jameson dated 28 July 1784 was proved on 2 September 1785. In anticipation of a journey overseas, Jameson wrote:
“Whereas I am about undertaking a voyage to Great Britain from which it may be the will of the Almighty I may never return... ...To my wife Anne – my manor plantation and mansion house of Annefield, with all and sundry the appurtenances thereof during the term of her natural life... I leave to her disposal the Manor of Annefield, at her death, to which of our sons she thinks proper, still observing that the said plantation and original tract must be considered a part of such son’s heritage or proportion of land.” [8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annefield_(Saxe,_Virginia)
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Clement Read's house, Bushy Forest, was in the original county of Lunesburg but after 1764 it became this county:
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Charlotte County Virginia History[edit | edit source]
Queen Charlotte of the United Kingdom (1744-1818) The county was named after Queen Charlotte (1744-1818), queen consort of King George III of the United Kingdom (1738-1820). Parent County[edit | edit source] 1764--Charlotte County was created 26 May 1764 from Lunenburg County. County seat: Charlotte [2]
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MISCELLANEOUS
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Papers of Henry Bouquet
VOLUME VI
Selected Documents,
November 1761 — July d65
With a Catalog oe Bouquet Papers Full text of "The journal of Jeffery Amherst, recording the military career of General Amherst in America from 1758 to 1763;"
Images with multiple links
https://www.imapbuilder.com/support/userguide/embed-map-to-website-blog-cms/embed-html5-maps-to-wix/
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