Cherokee allies - oh they're coming too
This letter is terrifying. You met the letter writer, Clement Read, in the previous story posted on the Catawba coming.
That letter Clement Read wrote to Colonel George Washington 15 March 1757 is a lot more mild than the letter Clement Read writes to Lt Gov Dinwiddie on 5 April 1757.
Wawhatchee, a Cherokee leader, goes on a rampage.
After that, he and his band are coming to Fort Loudoun Winchester VA.
Imagine you and your family are visited by a motorcycle gang. And this gang is quite colorful. They're painted. They look like Halloween. They hold you and your dear ones hostage until they're ready to move on. They eat as much food of yours as they want. And anyone who gives them trouble they just kill them right on your front lawn, ripping out his bowels and scalping him. And then they deign to allow you a little time off from serving them so you can bury the killed man. And then they ravage and rape a 12 year old girl. And still they continue to complain about not receiving any plunder for their visit. They make you write a letter to the leader of your country demanding more plunder. And then after terrorizing your neighbors they come back to you to terrorize you more. Imagine then that they feel you owe them because this land is not yours. You don't belong here. But they're here because you wanted them to fight your enemies. And they eventually do. Some of them do it with great honor and heroism, all the while being cheated by you and your leaders out of their expected due.
Below is the letter we intersperse with explanations and short biographies of those involved and dates and time.
Clement Read writes Lt Gov Dinwiddie 5 April 1757 about Wawhatchee:
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Read the actual quoted letter in orange. All links show an underline. Blog comment is in black. Other sources are in blue.
He Wawhatchee -
further ordered me
Swallow, another Cherokee leading warrior, claims to have ordered this too. He said he "got a man to write a letter to the Governor for me." Could this have been Clement Read?
not to fail to inform you [Lt Gov Dinwiddie]
that the presents wrote for
he expected would be sent up to Winchester soon,
and he made me promise that they should,
and seeing that I have promised it
and the appearance of the Indians at my house . . .
Clement Read continues with an excuse for why he promised
these Cherokee anything
before verifying with the House of Burgesses
if they will provide these presents:
and the appearance of the Indians at my house. . . equipped for war . . . when I had only 5 white men and 10 negroes at home and unprepared would have made Alexander the Great have promised it . . .
Who did they kill in the yard?
For, sir, the evening before
they had their grand council,
they tomahawked,
ripped up the bowels,
and scalped a fellow in the yard . . .
Lt Gov Dinwiddie on 12 April 1757 remonstrated Clement Read for not mentioning who this murdered man was.
Both Dinwiddie and Edmond Atkin say this murdered man was an Indian and not a white settler.
Dinwiddies states, "You sh'd have mention'd who the Indian was that they scalp'd in your Yard."
Edmond Atkin, who wrote a policy paper of 1755 that led to the creation of his job as superintendent of Indian affairs south of Sir William Johnston's turf was in Winchester VA when he writes to George Croghan, 8 June 1757 that the fellow killed was a Chickasaw "for reproving them," found in Pennsylvania Archives, Series 1, Volume III, page 175-176.
Did Clement Read purposely leave out that the killed "fellow in the yard" was an Indian? Did Clement Read just want to emphasize only the killing to convey the horror he and his family felt? Perhaps if he implied the killed fellow was white, would it be more terrible?
Clement Read goes on to write that the Indians allowed him time to bury the murdered man.
they gave me leave to bury him
after which myself and the whole family
behaved with the greatest order
and decorum towards them,
granted them all they asked
and yielded to every demand . . .
However by our passive obedience and non-resistance
after their eating and destroying 1000 lbs of pork
and bread and meat in proportion
in about 30 hours
they were persuaded
to march toward Bedford Court House
for their presents.
But in their way,
following the practice
and lewd example of their leader,
two of them
ravished a girl of about 12 or 13 years old,
they met on the road five or six miles from my house
and tore her in a manner too indecent to mention
Again Clement Read keeps the identify of the girl vague.
We find out from Dinwiddie in his 12 April 1757 response to Clement Read's letter that the girl was an Indian squaw, and not white.
Again by keeping identity vague, a reader could have have presumed the defiled girl was white and therefore a greater horror and outrage.
And the perpertrator of both offenses, the murder and the defiling, may have been the White interpreters. See Dinwiddie's response of 15 April 1757.
and visited every plantation
within 3 or 4 miles of the road
plundering the plantations and frightening the inhabitants . . .
in short, sir,
they acted like freebooters
in an enemy country
and on our court day in the morning . . .
crowds of people came to my house
and solicited me to do something . . .
they appeared enraged and ready to take up arms . . .
At Lunenburg Court House
near Clement Read's home, Bushy Forest, in what is now Charlotte Court House
they [the Indians] mutinied
and they were for returning.
Smith prevailed upon them to stay there
until I could be sent for.
About that Smith, Founders Online notes:
Richard Smith, the brother of Abraham Smith, both Indian traders and both used by Virginia as interpreters, came up to Fort Loudoun with Wawhatchee and the other Cherokee. He shortly left Winchester with a party led by the Swallow and Maj. Andrew Lewis to march toward Fort Cumberland. Edmond Atkin in the summer of 1757 made him one of the two official conductors of the Cherokee and translator for the colony of Virginia. At the same time that Lewis and his party left for Fort Cumberland, Richard Pearis led Wawhatchee and Youghtanno with their followers north into Maryland and Pennsylvania.
BY THE WAY, Richard Pearis was with those Cherokee who rampaged around Clement Read's place. Richard Pearis had a less famous brother Robert Pearis whose forted house just north of Winchester VA and who acted in the local militia outside of the Virginia Regiment, but who was involved in a successful Indian skirmish one year before in April 1756 resulting in Sieur D'ouville's scalps and the confiscation of his orders to attach the munitions depot at Conococheague-Fort Maidstone-Watkins Ferry area.
I went and pacified them.
I prevailed on them to consent to go to Winchester to Colonel Washington . . .
they should have their presents, they should be provided for according to treaty, should be well used.
See Source -- Page 115, The Cherokee Frontier: Conflict and Survival, 1740–62 By David H. Corkran
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The headstrong Wawhatchee, the First Warrior of the Cherokee lower towns, had arrived in Lunenburg County in early April with a party of more than one hundred Indians. Enraged because there were no presents, Wawhatchee and his braves went on a rampage. Clement Read, a leading man of the county, finally prevailed on the Cherokee to go “to Winchester to Colonel Washington” where “they Should have presents, They Should be provided for according to the Treaty, Should be well used” (Read to Dinwiddie, 5 April 1757, P.R.O., W.O. 34/47, ff. 150–51).
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Clement Read promises the presents will be at Winchester VA, and persuades these warriors to go there.
He is waiting for a response from Dinwiddie.
Clement Read receives a letter from Lt Gov Dinwiddie saying there will be no presents at Winchester. That letter is dated 12 April 1757.
Dinwiddie wonders if the Cherokee obtained any of the presents stored at the Bedford County Courthouse.
Dinwiddie adds more indication that the man killed in Clement Read's yard was a fellow Indian. Edmond Atkin states that killed man was a Chickasaw in his letter to Croghan 8 June 1757.
Suspicion of Richard Pearis:
Dinwiddie in this letter also goes on at length suspecting Richard Pearis as the culprit behind all of this violence.
Sir :
I rec'd Y'rs ofthe 5th last Sunday, with the President's L're [letter] and Hatchet return'd,
and the Desire of Wahawtehew to send up Presents to Winchester,
w'ch can't be coraply'd with.
You sh'd have mention'd who the Indian was that they scalp'd in your Yard.
I suppose it was one of their own Company, for some great Fault.
I observe they went to Bedford Court House, where probably they receiv'd some Presents from the Goods lodged there.
I' ra heartily sorry for their rude and villainous Behaviour, and desire you to examine particularly, on Oath, the Person ravish' d, and by whom, and if Paris [Richard Pearis] was not accessory to that Cruelty.
He is a fellow I have a bad Opin' n of,
and as you intend here this Mo.,
bring a particular Acco't of his Con duct that he raay be brought to Justice.
Such Crimes [as] you mention are not to be passed by unpunish' d.
I therefore desire y'r particular Enquiry of both the Villanies comitted. You acted prudently in quelling the People's resentment, and Justice must be done to the offended.
The Catawba Capt's squa. wants to be interpreted. I can't guess the Meaning, unless she was forc'd from him by one of the interpreters.
[ Is this squaw the same as the 12 year old Clement Read mentions? ]
I fear Paris [Richard Pearis]
is the ring leader of all these Enormities.
I therefore desire y' r par ticular Enquiry about his Conduct.
I believe the Cherokees' over the Hills are not as yet our steady Friends, but the little Carpenter has promis'd greatly to the Gov'r of So. Carolina, and desires leave to go to England;
therefore, you must not believe every thing you hear from the Traders and Interpreters,
who are as bad people as the Indians,
and by them
we are involv'd in much trouble
with these People.
As I expect to see you at Williamsburg, I refer particularly to that Time, and I am, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't
And the letter below shows
they've arrived at Fort Loudoun,
Winchester Va,
expecting those presents.
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To George Washington
from aide de camp, Captain George Mercer, 24 April 1757 Fort Loudoun Winchester VA
Dear Sir
Thursday and Friday last [21,22 April 1757]
came to Town 148 Cherokees,
with Major Lewis,
and yesterday I spoke to them,
as they did not chuse
an Interview sooner.
Wauhatchee the Head Warriour,
after I had told him
among many other things,
that I was sorry
we had not timely Notice of their Coming,
that the Governour
would have ordered
the necessary presents for them, . . .
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Oh yeah, Captain George Mercer was worried about all hell breaking loose.
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Stay tuned.
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Compiled by Jim Moyer, written 3/15/2021 thru 3/27/2021, first posted on Facebook and updated 4/4/2021, 4/12/2021, 4/25/2021, updated text font and size 3/19/2023
Sources
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Source is Page 116, The Cherokee Frontier: Conflict and Survival, 1740–62 By David H. Corkran
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Research Notes
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8 references to Wawhatchee
Wawhatchee was among those murdered at Fort Prince George.
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good drawing of Fort George
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Dinwiddie letters
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To George Washington from William Fairfax, 22 March 1757
2. For Fairfax’s meeting with the Catawba Indians on 18 and 19 Mar., see Clement Read to GW, 15 Mar. 1757, n.1. On 18 Mar. Fairfax and the council met with “Keeraruftikee” and five other Cherokee men and three women. Andrew Lewis arrived at Augusta Court House on 17 Oct. 1756 from his sojourn in the Cherokee country, with seven Cherokee warriors and three women. Richard Pearis returned later in the month with six Cherokee men and two women (see Andrew Lewis to GW, 28 Oct. 1756). In mid-November GW instructed Lewis to send one of the Cherokee back to the Cherokee country with letters and ordered him and Pearis to conduct from Augusta up to Winchester the Indians that had come with Pearis. At the end of February 1757 Pearis conducted a party of nine Cherokee down from Winchester to Williamsburg on their way back to the Cherokee country. Presumably this was the party that Andrew Lewis had brought up in October 1756, though it may have in part been Pearis’s own party. Fairfax and the council saw at this time “another party of Cherokees being fifteen in Number who came to this Government in February last, had marched two Leagues above Fort Du Quesne and returned on Monday last to this City with a French Prisoner and two Scalps. The Chief of them named the Second Yellow-Bird” was a leader of the 130 Cherokee whom Richard Pearis had conducted to the Virginia frontier more than a year before, in the fall of 1755 (Exec. Journals of Virginia Council, 6:28–32).
2. Dinwiddie and GW agreed in December that Lt. James Baker was the man to conduct in the spring a party of Tuscarora and Nottoway Indians from south of the James River to the frontier. See GW to Dinwiddie, 19 Dec. 1756, and Dinwiddie to GW, 27 Dec. 1756.
On 29 Mar. in Dinwiddie’s absence Fairfax as president of the council met in Williamsburg with “King Blunt and thirty three Tuscaroroes, seven Meherrins, two Saponies and thirteen Nottoways” before sending them up to GW in Baker’s charge (Exec. Journals of Virginia Council, 6:38).
4. If Andrew Lewis and John Williams did in fact conduct these small parties of Catawba and Cherokee up to Winchester, as William Fairfax’s letter of 31 Mar. suggests, Lewis had left Winchester before GW’s return to the town at the end of March after being in Philadelphia. See Lewis to GW, 8 April 1757.
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To George Washington from William Fairfax, 31 March 1757
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2. Dinwiddie and GW agreed in December that Lt. James Baker was the man to conduct in the spring a party of Tuscarora and Nottoway Indians from south of the James River to the frontier. See GW to Dinwiddie, 19 Dec. 1756, and Dinwiddie to GW, 27 Dec. 1756.
On 29 Mar. in Dinwiddie’s absence Fairfax as president of the council met in Williamsburg with “King Blunt and thirty three Tuscaroroes, seven Meherrins, two Saponies and thirteen Nottoways” before sending them up to GW in Baker’s charge (Exec. Journals of Virginia Council, 6:38).
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Famous Chiefs and American Indians
By Sheri (Grass)Pherigo October 26, 2003 at 11:46:17
Famous Chiefs & Cherokees
Cherokees Mentioned in Records Prior to 1775
ABRAM He was from the Overhills, 1751-1777. Cherokee name, Ooskiah, Ooskuah. Also called Old Abram of Chilohowie.
AGANSTATA He was from the Overhills, Chota/Settico, Born: 1711, Died 1783. Name defined as 'Groundhog Sausage" and known as the Beloved Warrior, First Warrior, Great Warrior of Chota, Oconostota, and Skiagunsta Chota. The most powerful of all Cherokee warriors. His mother was Quatsis, and his brothers were Kenoteta, Mankiller of Settico, and Shallelocke Kittegunsta.
ALL BONES He was from the Lower towns, 1751. Cherokee name Kalahu, while others called him, Sawanugi or Shawano. The white people caIled him Sawnook and Flying Squirrel. He was the 2nd headman under Skiagunsta of Keowee. He was from Cheowee. One of the nine leaders of the Lower towns.
AMAKETAI He was from the Valley towns, 1754. Name defined as "Rain Conjuror" and also called Moytoy, the Bully, George, Mankiller of Hiwassee, Ootossetih, and Tossity. The son of Raven of the Valley, and brother of Pigeon, Skiakow, and Skienah. He was from Little Hiwassee of the Valley. He later moved to Great Tellico. He was a member of the Tellico faction. In 1761, he went with Little Carpenter's peace delegation to the English.
AMMOUSHOSSMEE He was from the Overhills, 1741-1757. Name defined as "Bad Water." Also called the Emperor of Great Tellico, the Emperor, and the Young Emperor. He was an English appointed ruler of the Cherokee nation to replace his deceased father, Moytoy who died in 1741. Born about 1730, probably in Great Hiwassee.
ANAKANO He was from the Middle towns, 1751. Also called Aneanoay, Annoconoay, and Great Canoe, He was from Conutroy. He took care of Bernard Hughes' horses.
ANAKANOE He was from the Overhills, 1751, One of the leaders of the Great Tellico faction.
ANDREW He was from the Valley towns.
ARCHER, JOHNNY He was from the Lower towns, 1761. A half breed. A messenger from Fort Prince George to the Overhills. He served the English interest.
ARNUT He was from the Middle towns, 1751. He was from Tuskaseegee.
ATORE EAK He was from the Lower towns, 1756. A headman.
BEAMER, THOMAS He was from the Lower towns, 1756. The half breed son of James Beamer of Estatoe. Later a trader in the Valley towns. An English/Cherokee interpreter. His grand- father was John Beamer, who came to the Overhills in 1699. French Hugetnot ancestry (Beamour). He was called a Mustee.
BENCH or BENGE He was from the Overhills, 1762. The name was actually Benge, and he was from Great Island town.
BIG RAVEN He was from the Overhills, 1757, Cherokee name@ Callonah equa. He was from Settico.
BIG SAWNY He was from the Middle towns, 1760. Also called Captain Sawny, Great Sawny, and Sawney.
BLACK DOG He was from the Overhills, 1746-1757. Cherokee name, Gili-gunnage. Served on the Council of Ammouskossittee. He was from Chatuga.
BLACK DOG He was from the Valley towns, 1754-1757. Cherokee name, Gili-gunnage. A headman in Nottley of the Valley towns. He died in 1757. A friend of Governor James Glen of South Carolina. An associate of Moytoy of Little Hiwassee.
BLIND WARRIOR He was from the Overhills, 1746-1754. Also called Bread Slave Catcher, Breed Slave Catcher, Blind Slave Catcher, and Skiagunsta, Served on the Council of Ammouskossittee, and was the headman of Chatuga. Breed refers to the Breed Camp in central Alabama.
BLOODY FELLOW Cherokee name, Ninatoogah, or Nenetooyah.
BRANNON He was from the Lower towns, 1751. A half breed. May be Jesse Branham.
BREED SLAVE CATCHER SEE: Blind Warrior
BROWN, JOHN He was from the Lower towns, 1754-1758. Also called Captain Brown. A half breed. He was a packhorseman for the Cherokee traders, and later a Chickasaw trader. He was a partner with Jerome Courtonne. Brother-in-law to the Beloved Warrior of Great Tellico. Possibly the son of John Brown of Virginia. Later lived at Creek Path (Alabama) in 1817.
BROWN, SAMUEL He was from the Lower towns, 1756. A Cherokee half breed. He was a Creek trader and served the French interest.
BRYANT, JOHN SR. He was from the Lower towns, 1754. A pack horseman and trader from Bryant's Mountain, near Tomassee (S.C.). He was of French Huguenot ancestry (de Bruyant). Killed as a Tory in 1781, by hanging. This trader is believed to have been the father of Chenawee of Hiwassee.
BRYANT, JOHN He was from the Overhills, 1775. A half breed. The son of Lucy Bryant (Catawba/Cherokee). This family was from the ancient Bear Clan (Anitsag-uhi) through Lucy Bryant. John married Frances Nance (French Huguenot). Then moved to Gibson County, Tennessee, yet returned to the Cherokee nation just before the removal. Died in Gibson County in 1856, and many of his descendants lived in Vinita, Oklahoma.
BRYANT, LUCY She was from the Overhills, 1757. A Catawba/Cherokee woman born about 1758, who later lived at Chunannee (Chenawee?) Creek in modern White County Georgia (Ca-1817, Reservation #91). Lucy's Cherokee name may have been Aunooyohee. She was the mother of John Bryant.
BULLEN, JAMES He was from the Middle towns, 1755-1756. A half breed. He held a commission from the Governor of North Carolina, and led a mission to the Northern Indians-
BULLHEAD He was from the Overhills. This heroic leader of the Cherokees drove the Creeks below Coosa River before 1730. This military victory was a celebrated event through 1775.
BULLETHEAD He was from the Overhills, 1751-1757. Cherokee name: Uskwalena, or Bullhead. Originally lived in Great Tellico, and later Tenase. A member of the Tellico faction. He served as Old Hop's speaker on behalf of Chota. May also be Big Bullet.
BUTLER, NANCY She was from the Overhills, 1756-1760. Cherokee name, ONinaa. An English informer who lived in Tellico. Worked with Fort Loudon. She was a half breed who was employed by Captain Raymond Demere at Fort Loudon.
CAJUR He was from the Lower towns, 1730-1754. He was from Keowee. Had a brother mentioned in 1730 who served the English interest.
CAIUKA He was from the Overhills, 1755. Name probably defined as Ground Squirrel. A warrior of the English interest from Chota.
CANACAUGHT He was from the Lower towns, 1684. Also called the Great Conjuror. Signed the Treaty of 1684 with South Carolina. He was from Keowee.
CANISTOGUE He was from the Overhills (Chatuga), 1758.
CANNAUAUGHTE He was from the Lower towns (Keowee).
CANORCORTURER He was from the Overhills, 1754-1760. SEE: Old Hop and Standing Turkey. Name defined as Standing Turkey (Kanagatoga).
CANTEATOY He was from the Middle towns, 1758-1759. Also called Cawlectoy. He was the 2nd highest warrior of Watoga.
CAPPEE He was from the Overhills, 1757-1761. This black man was the adopted son of Old Hop. He lived at Chota. In 1761, he lived in Tomatley, and went with Little Carpenter's peace delegation to the English.
CAPTAIN SENECREY 1751. A Seneca warrior who led twelve Seneca warriors to reside with the Cherokees in 1751. This group may have been associated with Seneca town of the Cherokee Lower towns.
CATHERINE She was from the Overhills, 1753. The daughter of Kingfisher and Nancy Ward.
CATUCHEE He was from the Lower towns, 1754. Also called the "Tail," or Utana.
CAUNASAITA He was from the Lower towns, 1684. Signed the Treaty of 1684 with South Carolina. He was from Keowee.
CEASAR He was from the Overhills, 1713-1775. Also called Captain Ceasar, Skiagunsta Ceasar, Old Ceasar, and the Triple-nosed Warrion. He was a half breed. Served on the Council of Ammouskossittee. He was the headman of Great Tellico. As a youth, he was held as a British slave by John Stephens. He spoke English well. He was from Chatuga. Had a brother mentioned in 1730.
CHACHETCHA He was from the Middle towns, 1751-1752. Also called Chucheechee. He was a warrior from Tuskasegee of the Out settlements.
CHACONNUNTO He was from the Lower towns, 1756.
CHARITE HAGEY 1716-1718. Negotiated trade with South Carolina, and associated with Ceasar and Partridge.
CHAUNEE He was from the Lower towns, 1756. Also called Chauunnee. A principal man of the Lower towns.
CHAURAUGOTCHE He was from the Middle towns, 1756. Called a very great warrior,
CHEESQUATALONE He was from the Lower towns, 1751-1754. Name defined as "Yellow Bird." Also called Cheeskiowee and Cuareto. The headman of the Lower towns. SEE: Yellow Bird of Estatoe.
CHEESTOO KAIEHRE 1730. Cherokee name, Old Rabbit, or Eleazer Wiggan. A Cherokee trader who served as interpreter on the trip to England in 1730. He began trading with the Cherokees in 1711. Due to his Cherokee name, he was probably adopted.
CHEKESAW He was from the Lower towns, 1755. He was Long Jack's brother, and was from Cheowee.
CHENALLOTEHE He was from the Lower towns. He was Tiftowe's brother and was from Keowee. The suffix "tehe," or "dihi' signifies killer.
CHENAWEE He was from the Valley towns. Believed to be the husband of Lucy Bryant, and son of the Cherokee trader, John Bryant of Bryant's Mountain near Tomassee. Chenawee was killed in the Battle of Horseshoe, during Andrew Jackson's Creek War. His wife Aunooyohee drew a pension on his service. He may have been the son of John Bryant Sr
CHENESLEY He was from the Overhills, 1775. Supposed to have signed a deed at Sycamore Shoals.
CHEROKEE BILLY he was from the Overhills, 1774, He was a relative of Ostenaco who was killed in 1774.
CHETHEAKA He was from the Middle towns, 1753. A warrior from Stecoe River.
CHEULAR He was from the Overhills, 1761-1762. Cheulah or Tsula was defined as 'fox." When visited by Lieutenant Henry Timberlake in 1761, he directed the Eagle Tail Dance. He was the headman of Settico, and may be the Small Pox Conjuror.
CHEWEREECRA He was from the Middle towns. SEE: Mankiller of Nequassee.
CHICKASAW He was from the Overhills. A young Cherokee who served as Oconostota's messenger.
CHICKSAY He was from the Middle towns, 1751. He was known to protest the traders, and was from Stecoe.
CHICSATERE He was from the Overhills, 1700. Also called Bushyhead (Donodutu). He was the son of Caulanna (Raven) and the cousin of Oconostota. He was the brother of Savanooka. He married Nancy Foreman.
CHINORE 1759. Held as a hostage of the English at Fort Prince George and murdered in February 1760.
CHIOTLOHEE He was from the Middle towns, 1751. He killed the trader, Daniel Murphy.
CHISANAH 1759. Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760.
CHISTV 1759. 'Chistu" or 'Tsitu" was defined as rabbit. Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760-
CHOOSAHETE He was from the Overhills, 1757. Associated with Cappee, and listed as young in 1757. He was from Settico.
CHUCATAH He was from the Overhills, 1761. He was visted by Lieutenant Henry Timberlake in 1761, and was from Settico. A brother was mentioned in 1765.
CHUCHECHE He was from the Middle towns, 1754-1755. The headman of Tuskasegee.
CHUGNONANTA He was from the Overhills, 1754- Also called Chugnonanta Tommy of Tenase. SEE. Little Carpenter.
CHURNROKEKE He was from the Lower towns, 1751.He was from Eustanally. One of nine leaders of the Lower towns.
CLENEWA He was from the Valley towns, 1754. The headman of Noyowe.
CLOCHUITA He was from the Lower towns, 1751. The headman of Estatoe.
CLOGITTAH She was from the Overhills,1730. Went on the trip to England in 1730. She was from Tenase.
CLOGOITASH He was from the Lower towns, 1751. Second rank headman in Estatoe.
CLUNLUSY He was from the Valley towns, 1761.Name defined as "Leech.' He was the son of the Long Dog of Nottley, and was killed in 1761.
COCKEYE WARRIOR He was from the Valley towns, 1757.
COLD WEATHER He was from the Overhills, 1760. He was from Chilohowie.
COLLANAH He was from the Overhills, 1684-1730. Name defined as "Raven." Also spelled Corani and Corane, and Kalanu. Signed the Treaty of 1684 with South Carolina. Went on trip to England in 1730. He was Oconostota's uncle and Quatsis's brother. He was probably from Settico.
COLD IRON He was from the Overhills, 1756-1757. He was an English informer and a messenger from Chota to Lower towns.
COLINNA He was from the Overhills, 1750. Name defined as "Raven," in the Upper dialect. Served on Johnny of Tenase's council. One of the leaders of the Great Tellico faction.
COLLALONA He was from the Lower towns, 1757, The head warrior of Qualache.
CONASORATAH 1759. Held as a hostage at Fort Prince George by the English and murdered in February 1761.
CONENTACKSHIOWAY He was from the Lower towns, 1751.A headman in Estatoe.
CONJUROR He was from the Valley towns, 1730. The Conjuror of Tassetchee who met Sir Alexander Cumming at Ioree (Jore) in 1730.
CONNECORTE He was from the Overhills, 1753-1760. SEE: Old Hop.
CONOTACTCHE He was from the Lower towns, 1751. The headman of Tugaloo.
COOSAEKAH He was from the Lower towns, 1759. The prefix "Coosab" refers to Upper Creeks. The subject was either a Coosa or was a Cherokee who earned honors in battle against the Coosas. "Ekah" may be 'equa," defined as "big." He was the Second Man of Conasatchee (Sugar town), and was known to war against the French.
CORANESEE Collanah. Corane is the Lower dialect, and Collanah, the Upper dialect for "Raven."
CORLIONEGA He was from the Middle towns, 1755. fie was from Tuskasegee.
COWEETATEECHEE He was from the Overhills. Name signifies Lower Creek (Coweta) origin. SEE: Oakehoge.
COWWONANNS He was from the Lower towns, 1756.
CUARTETO CHESKIOWEE He was from the Lower towns, 1751. One of the nine leaders of the Lower towns. SEE: Cheesquatalone (Upper dialect).
DICHITI He was from the Lower towns, 1753. A messenger to the Creeks from the Lower towns.
DREADFUL WARRIOR He was from the Middle towns, 1758. The principal man of Ioree (Jore).
FATT WARRIOR He was from the Overhills, 1757. He was from Chatuga.
FLINT 1713. He lived on Cussata River.
FRENCH JOHN He was from the Overhills, 1753-1757. A slave or adopted son of Old Hop, who served as the chief agent of the French from Fort Toulouse (Alabama) to Chota.
GOOD WARRIOR He was from the Lower towns SEE Warrior Of Estatoe
GOOD WARRIOR He was from the Lower towns SEE Warrior of Tugaloo.
GORRALEKE He was from the Lower towns, 1684 He signed the Treaty of 1684 with South Carolina, and was from Toxaway.
GOTTOMA He was from the Lower towns 1684, He signed the Treaty of 1684 with South Carolina, and was from Keowee.
GREAT CONJUROR He was from the Lower towns, 1753 Also called Sower (Sour Hominy), He was 2nd rank over the Lower towns, and was from Keowee SEE Cannauaughto
GREAT ELK 1756. A Nuttewa (Nottowago or Nottoway) Indian who led many of his tribe to the Cherokees in 1756 Then resided with the Cherokees for over a year. Organized groups of Cherokees to go to the French in Canada.
GREAT GISTOTE He was from the Lower towns, 1758 A head warrior of the English interest from Keowee.
GREAT WARRIOR he was from the Overhills, 1711-1783, SEE Aganstata.
HALFBREED TOM He was from the Lower towns, 1760 he was an associate of the Mankiller of Nequassee, and was from Keowee.
HALFBREED WILL He was from the Middle towns, 1759-1761 The headman of Nequassee. He was said to be a henchman for the Mankiller of Nequassee in 1760. In 1761, he was a part of the Little Carpenter's peace mission to the English at Charleston
HEAD BELOVED MAN He was from the Lower towns SEE Owasta of Toxaway.
HEADMAN He was from the Middle towns, 1754 Also called King of Nequassee
HEADMAN'S SON He was from the Middle towns, 1756 Possibly known as "Thigh," and was also called the, Headman of Nequassee's son. He served the English interests. taken prisoner by the Savannah tribe.
HEADMAN He was from the Valley towns, 1758 Called the Headman of Nottley
HEADMAN OF WRYOCHE He was from the Lower towns, 1754, He was from Keowee. Wryoche is also spelled Wohatche
HEADMAN OF WRYOCHE he was from the Middle towns, 1750- 1765. He was from Stecoe.
HEAD WARRIOR He was from the Lower towns, 1758 He was from Estatoe.
HOOTLEYBOYAW He was from the Lower towns 1717. The Warrior of Tugaloo,
HOWRUFTO He was from the Lower towns, 1751-1756 A headman in Keowee One of nine leaders from the Lower towns
HUGHES MARY She was from the Overhills, 1760-1761 One of thirty white prisoners held at Settico. Her husband, Bernard Hughes, was killed by the Cherokees. She was released, yet chose to stay and married her deceased husband's murderer.
IKEYOGUSTS He was from the Lower towns, 1756 Also called Tellickconaeo He was the principal man in the Lower towns
ITOWA QUO He was from the Overhills, 1756 Listed as one of the six greatest headmen in the Overhills.
ITOWA RUFTO He was from the Lower towns, 1756
JACCUTEE He was from the Middle towns, 1751. A headman in Cowee.
JACOB THE CONJUROR He was from the Valley towns, 1730. Took part in arrangements for the trip to England in 1730, yet he did not go. Known as a Taseetchee leader before 1730, and was a close associate of Moytoy.
JAMEY He was from the Middle towns, I751 Also called Jemmv The headman of Sarlacha or Oussazlay May have been Conjuror Jamie of Estatoe, in 1758
JOHNNY He was from the Overhills, 1741-1751. Also called Johnny of Tenase, Great Warrior of Tenase, Mankiller of Tenase (Tacite). A half breed. Served on Council of Ammouskossittee he was the son of Kittegunsta of Chota. Said to have died from a fever in 1749, yet records mention him after that Year. He was one of the leaders of the Great Tellico faction. A probable brother of Ostenaco and two others. Born before 1715.
JOHNS (Jones), LEWIS He was from the Lower towns, 1755. A half breed and interpreter between the Cherokees and Catawbas. May have lived in Catawba nation. Noted as a Pee Dee Indian.
KATACTOI 1759. Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 17160
KAHTAYAH She was from the Overhills. The daughter of Calaunna, and sister of Savanooka. Married Alexander Drumgould, and later, John Foreman.
KEALHARUFTEKE He was from the Lower towns, 1760. Also called Cheesquatalone (Upper dialect), Chesquoterone (Lower dialect), and Kealheyourough. He was murdered on 2 February 1760 as a hostage at Fort Prince George.
KEELEENAKASTA He was from the Overhills, 1751. One of the leaders of the Great Tellico faction.
KELLELUSSTEKEY He was from the Overhills, 1754. Also called Kerorostekee. One of two headmen from Telassee
KENOTCHTA He was from the Lower towns, 1756. An English medal chief, who went to Charleston, South Carolina with the Cherokee principal chief
KENOTETA He was from the Overhills, 17141-17571. Also called Rising Fawn Served on the Council of Ammouskossittee, and was of the English interest. He was Oconostota's brother and the son of the Small Pox Conjuror of Settico. He was from Settico
KEIZOROSTEKEE He was from the Lower towns, 17 56, Settled in Virginia back settlements in 1756
KILCANNOKEH He was from the Overhills. Signed treaty with with South Carolina in 1759. One of six Overhill leaders
KILLAQUE He was from the Overhills, 1757 Served the English interest, and was the Little Carpenter's brother. He was from Tuskasegee.
KILLIANCA He was from the, Overhills, 1759. When the Little Carpenter requested the release of several key Cherokee officials, who were held hostage at Fort Prince George, Killianca was released with Oconostota.
KINGFISHER He was from the Overhills, 1755. Cherokee name, Chutloh. Married Nancy Ward and had two children, Long Fellow and Catherine Died in battle against the Creeks in 1755, at Taliwa (Georgia). Here Nancy Ward took his weapon and defended his position, later being named War Woman of 'the tribe. Kingfisher was a member of the Deer clan, while Nancy Ward was said to be a member of the Wolf Clan.
KITTEGUNSTA He was from the Overhills, 1730-1768. Also called King of Chota, Prince (Kittegunsta) of Chota, and Shallelocke Kittegungta.2 Went on trip to England in 1730 and was the main speaker (Shaliloski, Shallelocke). He was the brother of Oconostota, and died about March 6,1768. He was from Chota.
KITTEGUNSTA He was from the Middle towns, 1751-1756. He took care, of,James Mays and Mr. McDaniel's horses, He was from Ioree (Jore) In 1756, he led a war party against the settlers of the Broad and Catawba Rivers in South Carolina.
KITTEGUNSTA He was from the Lower towns, 1730. The Prince of Tomassee, who was visited by Sir Alexander Cumming in 1730.
KNALANOY He was from the Middle towns (Conutroy), 1751.
LITTLE CARPENTER He was from the Overhills. Born: 1710, Died 1781. Also called Attakullakulla (Leaning Wood) Chugnonanto Tommy, Chukenanta Warrior, Little Cornplanter, Ookanaka (White Owl) of Natchey Creek, and Truconita. He was the Peace Chief of the Cherokee Nation. Served the English interest and was a medal chief. Went to England in 1730. He may have been a Nipissing Indian, according to statements made by his son, Turtle at home. He was the nephew of Movtoy and Old Hop, and the uncle of Nancy Ward. Dragging Canoe, Badger, and White Owl were his sons. Born about 1710 in either Canada or the Big Island of the French Broad River in Tennese. During his life, he lived in Natchey Creek, Tenase, Tornatley, and Toqua of the, Overhills. He was a member of the Wolf Clan
LITTLE CONJUROR He was from the Lower towns, 1751. Second headman over Keowee. One of nine leaders of the Lower towns.
LITTLE FELLOW He was from the Overhills The son of Nancy Ward and Kingfisher. Also called Five killer. Born about 1753. He lived on Wilson Hill at Ocoee (Uwagahi).
LITTLE OWL He was from the Overhills. Cherokee name, Nahoolah. One of Little Carpenter's sons.
LITTLE RAVEN He was from the Overhills. SEE: Savanooka.
LITTLE TETHTOY fie was from the Lower towns, 1754, Name may be called Tiftowe. The headman of Keowee.
LITTLE WARRIOR He was from the Middle towns, 1751 He was from Estanaury (Estonoley).
LONG BEN He, was from the Lower towns he was a Creek half breed who associated with the Lower and Valley towns.
LONG DOG He was from the Valley towns, 1761 Cherokee name, ganubidugili. lie was from Nottley.
LONG FELLOW He was from the Valley towns, 1737. The son of Tame Doe and Sir Francis Ward, and brother of Nancy Ward Born about 1737 Born at Chota, and later lived on Ocoee River.
LONG JACK He was from the Lower towns, 1752-1756. Cherokee name, ganuhidutsani. Also called Johnny or Long Johnny. Associated with the Little Carpenter. He was from Cheowee, though records also place him in Settico of the Overhills. In 1751, he was listed as being from Tenase,
LONG TOM He was from the Middle towns, 1761 Listed as a young Cherokee
LOTTA He was from the Lower towns, 1751 SEE Mankiller of Cheowee.
MANKILLER He was from the Lower towns, 1751 Called Mankiller of Cheowee or Lotta.
MANKILLER He was from the Middle towns, 1751. Called Mankiller of Conutroy.
MANKILLER He was from the Middle towns, 1751. Called Mankiller of Cowee.
MANKILLER He was from the Lower towns, 1756-1761. Called Mankiller of Estatoe, and was the nephew of the Swallow Warrior. In 1761, he raided the Creeks, taking horses and prisoners.
MANKILLER He was from the Overhills, 1751-1757. Mankiller of Hiwassee. SEE: Amahetai.
MANKILLER He was from the Middle towns, 1758-1760. Also called Chewehe-echa. He was from Ioree (Jore), and records also place him in Nequassee.
MANKILLER He was from the Lower towns, 1761-1762. Called Mankiller of Keowee. Went with the Little Carpenter's peace delegation to the English in 1761.
MANKILLER He was from the Middletowns. Called Mankiller of Nequasee, and also called Classati.
MANKILLER He was from the Valley towns, 1751. Called Mankiller of Nottley, and was the headman of Nottley.
MANKILLER He was from the Valley towns, 1751. Called Mankiller of Noyowe, and was the headman of Noyowe.
MANKILLER He was from the Valley towns, 1730. Called Mankiller of Oconnie, who was visited by Alexander Cumming.
MANKILLER He was from the Overhills, 1751-1754. Called Lame Arm, First Man of Tellico, Mankiller of Settico, and Mankiller of Tellico. Served the French interest, and associated with French John and the Mortar. He was Oconostota's brother and the son of the Small Pox Conjuror of Settico.
MANKILLER He was from the Overhills, 1754. Called Mankiller of Slocke.
MANKILLER He was from the Middle towns, 1751-1759. Cailed Mankiller of Stecoe. He was the headman of Nequassee and Stecoe
MANIKILLER He was from the Overhills, 1754. Called Mankiller of Telassee, and was the headman of Telassee.
MANKILLER He was from the Overhills. Called Mankiller of Tellico. SEE Ostenaco.
MANKILLER He was from the Overhills, 1751. Called Mankiller of Tenase.
MANKILLER He was from the Overhills. Called Mankiller of Tomatley.
MANKILLER He was from the Overhills, 1753. Called Mankiller of Toqua.
MANKILLER He was from the Middle towns, 1759, Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760
MAY APPLE He was from the Lower towns, 1760. Associated with the Mankiller of Nequassee, and was from Keowee
MOETOE He was from the Overhills, 1751. SEE Amahetai.
MORTAIR He was from the Oakecoys, 1754-1759. This Upper Creek warrior, named Yah Yah Tustanage, was Governor Louis de Kerelec's agent to Chota. He maintained a faction of Upper Creeks who associated with the Mankiller of Settico, Oconostota, Old Hop, and the Small Pox Conjuror of Settico. He was highly respected by the Chota people.
MOYTOY He was from the Lower towns, 1760. Called Moytoy of Keowee An associate of the Tail of Estatoe. He was from Keowee
MOYTOY He was from the Overhills, 1730-1741. The first English appointed ruler of the Cherokees. Originally from Little Hiwassee or Taseetchee of the Valley towns. He and Jacob the Conjuror were known as the leaders of Taseetchee. He was the brother of Old Hop and Little Carpenter's mother. He was known as the Rain Conjuror, and died in battle in 1741. He was originally the Head warrior of Tellico. He was appointed Emperor at Nequassee in 1730 by Jacob the Conjuror, and by election of the head chiefs. The title was called the Crown of Tenase.
MOYTOY He was from the Overhills, 1759. Called Moytoy of Settico or Moitoi He led nineteen warriors against the white settlements, and was pro-French.
NELLAWGITEHI He was from the, Lower towns, 1684. Signed the Treaty of 1684 with South Carolina. He was from Toxaway Name probably refers to Nottawago killer.
NETTAWAGETCHE He was from the Lower towns, 1753. Second headman of Toxaway. Name probably refers to Nottawago killer.
NICHOLEHE 1759. Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760.
NORRODELY He was from the Middle towns, 1752. He was from Stecoe,
NOTCHEE WARRIOR He was from the Overhills, 1751. Also called Tacite (Mankiller) of Natchey. He was the third rank headman of Great Iliwassee, and was originally from that place@ He later settled near Natchey Creek, Probably a Natchez Indian.
OAKEHALPE He was from the Overhills, 1752. The English Captain of Great Tellico. Name probably of Creek origin.
OAKEHOGE He was from the Overhills, 1752 Also called Coweetaateechee. Known as the King of Great Tellico. Coweeta refers to Lower Creek. Oak refers to water.
OCCOUNACO He was from the Overhills, 1730. The White Owl SEE Little Carpenter.
OCONACO He was from the Lower towns, 1751. The headman of Sugartown. One of nine leaders from the Lower towns.
OCONECA He was from the Overhills, 1759. Signed a treaty with South Carolina in 1759. One of six Overhill leaders.
OCONOSTOTA He was from the Overhills, Born: 1711, Died: 1783. Name was an English phonetical spelling of the Cherokee term "Aganstata." Also called Beloved Warrior of Chota, First Warrior, Great Warrior of Chota, Skiagunsta Chota, and Skiagunsta Settico. SEE: Aganstata.
OLD BARK He was from the Overhill, 1756 Went to Virginia in 1756.
OLD CHUCKLE He was from the Lower towns, 1730-1756. A headman in the Lower towns. Served the French interest in 1751. May be Old Checkle of Tenase in 1730, who was a Creek Indian.
OLD HOP He was from the Overhills, 1746-1760. Also called Canacaughte, Canorcortuker, Connecorte, Emperor of Chota, Standing Turkey, and Uku of Chota. He removed the English appointed rulership over the Cherokee nation, and brought all four settlement areas under Chota in 1753-1754. He was Moytoy's brother, and the uncle of Little Carpenter. He died in 1760, and gave his authority to Kittegunsta and Oconostota. His title was known as the 'Fire King.'
OLD PRINCE He was from the Overhills, 1757. He was from Toqua, and sons (without names) are mentioned in records
OLD WARRIOR He was from the Overhills, 1756-1757. He was from Tomatley. fie was an English informer to Captain Raymond Demere at Fort Loudon of the Overhills.
OLD WARRIOR He was from the Middle towns, 1751. He was from Tuckasegee.
OLD WAR WOMAN She was from the Overhills, 1751. The leader of the Women's War Council, which was later occupied by Nancy Ward, Ward could not have been this women, for she was only 13 years old in 1751.
ONATOWE He was from the Valley towns, 1751-1761 Also called Onotony. 2nd headman over Little Tellico. Served the, English interest, and was the brother of Round O (Shonguttam), Went on Little Carpenter's peace delegation to the English in 1761.
ONE EYED WARRIOR He was from the Valley towns, 1761. A headman in Little Tellico,
ONISCA He was from the Lower towns, 1751. He was from Keowee.
ONNAKANNOY 1730. Also called Ounakannowie. Was not allowed to go to England in 1730.
ORNSEO He was from the Lower towns, 1754.
OSQUOZUFTOIE He was from the Middle towns, 1751. The headman of Tucksoie.
OSTENACO He was from the Overhills, 1746-177. Also called Antossity Ustoneeka, Judd's Friend, Judge's Friend, Mankiller of Tellico, and Rusteenekobagan. He was Oconostota's Chief of Staff, or 2nd Head warrior. Served the French interest until his trip to England in 1762 with Lt Henry Timberlake. Close friend of Oconostota and Old Hop. Originally from Hiwassee, though his mother was from Settico. He was listed in Chota, Great Tellico, Hiwassee, Judd's Creek, and Settico. He became a Mankiller in 1746. He was born about 1715, and was the youngest of four brothers. One of Wilma Mankiller's ancestors.
OUCAH 1759. Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760.
OUKAH ULAH He was from the Over"Is, 1759. Name defined as "ruler to be." One of two sons of Old Hop, and Possibly Standing Turkey.
OUKANDEKAH He was from the Overhills, 1730. Probably Little Carpenter.
OUKAYUDA 1730. The Oukah Ulah or King to be (ruler to be). Went on trip to England in 1730.
OUSANATAH 1759. Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760.
OUSANOLETAH 1759. Held hostage at Port Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760.
OUSLENARIA He was from the Overbills, and associated with Little Carpenter.
OUSONALETAK He was from the Middle towns, 1757-1760. Also called Ousunuletta of Ioree. He was the headman of the Valley town, Tomatley for a period. He died as a hostage at Fort Prince George in February 1760.
OUTOSSITY He was from the Overhills. SEE: Mankiller of Tomatley.
OWASTA He was from the Lower towns, 1684. Signed the Treaty of 1684 with South Carolina. He was from Toxaway.
OWASTA He was from the Lower towns, 1753. The Beloved Man of Toxaway. May be the signer in 1684.
OXINAA She was from the Overhills, SEE: Nancy Butler.
OZUSTA He was from the Lower towns, 1751. The Catawba King and headman of Keowee.
PARTRIDGE He was from the Lower towns, 1714-1717. Associated with Ceasar and Charite Hagey in trade relations with South Carolina.
PIGEON He was from the Valley towns, 1757. Cherokee name, Amoyah. A son of the Raven of Himassee. He was called Woey by the whites. He was held hostage at Fort Prince George in 1759, but released with Oconostota. In 1761, he worked with Saloue (Seroweh) and Ostenaco in Oconostota's War against the English.
PIPE 1761. A young Cherokee warrior who was a messenger from Virginia.
PRINCE OF CHOTA He was from the Overhills, 1746-1768. SEE: Kittegunsta.
PRINCE OF IOREE He was from the Middle towns, 1754-1758. SEE: Kittegunsta of Ioree.
QUARRASATTAHE 1759. Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760.
QUATSIS She was from the Overhills, 1699. The mother of Oconostota and Mankiller of Settico, and sister of the Raven of Settico. Supposed to have married John Beamer in 1699. Born in 1683.
RAT He was from the Lower towns, 1760. Associated with the Mankiller of Nequassee, and was from Keowee.
RAVEN OF CHATUGA He was from the Overhills, 1757. Served the English interest. He was from Chatuga, and had a son mentioned.
RAVEN OF CHOTA He was from the Overhills. SEE: Savanooka.
RAVEN OF COWEE He was from the Middle towns, 1751. Associated with James May, and the headman of Cowee. Took care of James May's horses.
RAVEN He was from the Valley towns, 1751-1757. Also called Colinna, Corane, King of the Valley, and Raven of Hiwassee. He was very influential with the leaders of the Overhills, and related to Little Carpenter, Moytoy, and Old Hop. Several sons mentioned, such as Moytoy, Pigeon, Skiakow, and Skienah. Some records list him as deceased by 1757.
RAVEN He was from the Middle towns, 1768, Called the Raven of Nequassee. He went with Oconostota and Little Carpenter to New York to negotiate the Treaty of Fort Stanwix.
RAVEN OF TENASE He was from the Overhills, 1752.
RAVEN OF TOMATLEY He was from the Overhills, 1761.
RAVEN OF TOQUA He was from the Overhills, 1762. Died in battle in 1762.
RAVEN OF TOXAWAY He was from the Lower towns, 1751- 1757. The head warrior over Toxaway. Had grandchildren mentioned in 1753. Worked with Governor Glen of South Carolina on the Cherokee boundaries associated with the Carolina Purchase of 1753.
RAVEN He was from the Valley towns, 1761. Also called the Young Raven of Hiwassee. He was the son of the Raven of Hiwassee.
RAYETAEH He was from the Overhills, 1760-1788. Also called Corn Tassel (Onitositah) and Old Tassel. Served as counselor to Oconostota. He was murdered in cold blood by John Sevier's men in 1788. He was from Toqua, and served in Chota. He was John Watt's uncle, and brother to Doublehead, Nettle Carrier, and Pumpkin Boy.
ROUND O He was from the Middle towns, 1754-1759. Also called Shonguttam. He was the headman of the Out towns, and was from Stotoree or Tuskasegee. Deceased by 1761. A noted friend to the English.
SACHETCHE He was from the Middle towns. He was the headman over several Upper towns. He was from Tucologia.
SALOUE He was from the Overhills, 1760. In the Lower Cherokee dialect, Seroweh. Served as an officer in Oconostota's command in the Cherokee War of 1760. Listed as young in 1760, and originally from Estatoe where he was a chief Served the French interest.
SANNAOESTE 1759. Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760.
SAVANNAH KING He lived among the Savannahs, 1746. A diplomat from the Savannahs to the Overhill Cherokees.
SAVANOOKA He was from the Overhills, 1760-1776. Also called Sawanookee or Shawnee, and Raven of Chota. He was the nephew of Oconostota. Some say he was once captured by the Shawnees, hence the name Savanooka or Shawnee. Others claim he was Shawnee by birth, and captured by the Cherokees. He served as an advisor to Oconostota. He was from Chota, though originally was probably from Settico, as were most of Oconostota's relatives. His brother was Chiesatebe, and sister, Kahtayah. May be the child of Oconostota's sister, or the son of Oconostota's uncle, Caulunna of Settico.
SAVANTOOHEE He was from the Valley towns, 1751. The headman over Little Tellico.
SCALELOSKE He was from the Lower towns, 1760. Name defined as "speaker." He was the 2nd warrior over Tomassee. He was killed as a hostage at Fort Prince George on 14 February 1760. He was from Tomassee.
SECOND WARRIOR He was from the Lower towns, 1758, Second warrior over Estatoe.
SECOND WARRIOR He was from the Middle towns, 1730. He met Sir Alexander Cumming in 1730, and was from Ioree (Jore).
SECOND YELLOW BIRD He was from the Lower towns, 1757. He led the Lower town warriors against Fort Duquesne in 1757.
SEED He was from the Overhills, 1760. He worked with the French agent, John Lantaniack, and led missions to Fort Toulouse for supplies. He was from Settico
SENNOTRONNEY He was from the Middle towns, 1758. A headman in Ioree or Watoga.
SEQUROGHUENOY He was from the Overhills, 1754 The, headman of Tellico.
SHALLELOCKE He was from the Middle towns, 1761 Name defined as "speaker" of Stecoe. Went with Little Carpenter's peace delegation to the English. He was Ostenaco's brother
SHONGUTTAM He was from the Middle towns, 1753. SEE: Round O.
SHOREY, ANN She was from the Overhills, 1762. The half breed daughter of William Shorey, who married John McDonald. She was John Ross's grandmother. After 1770, the McDonald family moved to Lookout Mountain where they established a trading post.
SHOTMOUTH He was from the Valley towns, 1761. A headman in Tomatley.
SINNAWA He was from the Overhills, 1684. Name defined as "spiritual leader of the hawks.' Signed the Treaty of 1684 with South Carolina, and was from Big Island Town.
SINNAWA He was from the Middle towns, 1751-1753. Also called Chuchia, Hawkhead, and Sinawaska Johnny. A headman in Tuakasegee. He took care of James Mays horses. A warrior.
SKAYAGUSTA OUKAH He was from the Lower towns, 1730. Also called Chief of Tasseta, Oukah Ulah, and Skiagunsta. Made trip to England in 1730.
SKIAGUNSTA CHEOWEE He was from the Lower towns, 1751. One of nine leaders of the Lower towns.
SIKLAGUNSTA COWEE He was from the Middle towns, 1759. Name defined as 'Great Warrion' A headman and warrior in Cowee.
SKIAGUNSTA KEOWEE He was from the Lower towns, 1751- 1756.Also called Chachu, Great Warrior of Lower towns, and Old Warrior. Probably the same as Skayagusta Oukah.
SKIAGUNSTA STECOE He was from the Middle towns, 1759. Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760
SKIAGUNSTA TELLICO He was from the Overhills, 1751. One of the leaders of the Great Tellico faction.
SKIAKOW He was from the Valley towns, 1751. The son of the Raven of Hiwassee, and was from Juforchee.
SKIAWECHI He was from the Lower towns, 1753. Known to speak English well.
SKIENAH He was from the Valley towns, 1751. The son of the Raven of Hiwassee, and was from Little Hiwassee.
SKURRELEFTEKEE He was from the Middle towns, 1758, A headman of Ioree (Jore) or Watoga.
SLAVE CATCHER He was from the Overhills, 1759.Called the Slave Catcher of Chota A close friend of the Great Mortar.
SLAVE CATCHER He was from the Lower towns, 1760. Called the Slave Catcher of Conasatchee (Sugar Town). Little Carpenter turned him over to the English as a murderer.
SLAVE CATCHER He was from the Middle towns, 1751. Cherokee name, Dayugidaski (Slave Catcher). Called Slave Catcher of Conutroy. Associated with the murders at the Oconees in 1751, and was anti-English.
SLAVE CATCHER He was from the Overhills, 1751. Cherokee name, Dayugidaski. Called Slave Catcher of Great Tellico and Onecowe.
SLAVE CATCHER He was from the Middle towns, 1751 Called the Slave Catcher of Kituwah. He demanded the death of the trader, Bernard Hughes.
SLAVE CATCHER He was from the Overhills, 1754-1775. Cherokee name, Dayugidaski. Called Slave Catcher of Tenase. A headman in Tenase. Known as an old man in 1761, and hved on Tellico River, He was supposed to have signed a deed at Sycamore Shoals in 1775.
SLAVE CATCHER He was from the Overhills, 1754-1761. Cherokee name, Dayugidaski. Called Slave catcher of Tomatley Noted as a young man. He was sent as a diplomat to the English by Oconostota in 1761.
SMALL POX CONJUROR He was from the Overhills, 1751-1757. A friend of Old Hop, and father of Kenoteta and Mankiller of Settico, May be father of Kittegunsta and Oconostota. Served as headman of Settico and served on the Chota council.
SMITH'S FRIEND He was from the Lower towns, 1756. Served the English interest He was from Keowee.
SOUR HOMINY Cherokee name, Kanahena.
STANDING TURKEY He was from the Overhills. SEE: Old Hop.
STANDING TURKEY He was from the Overhills, 1754-1761. Cherokee name, Canorcortuker, Conocktoco, Cunnicatoka, Kanagatucko. He was the son of Old Hop, and appointed to take his father's position. Associated with Oconostota. He was from Chota. After Old Hop's death in 1760, he was appointed to take his rulership, by Oconostota. He was known as Ocayula or Oukah Ulah (ruler to be).
STICKOEE He was from the Middle towns, 1751 An English informer.
SUCKCORUFTEKE He was from the Lower towns, 1751. The headman over Tomassee. One of nine leaders of the Lower towns.
SUNARETEHEE He was from the Middle towns, 1760 Also called Sanaratehee. Was killed in the attack on Fort Prince George on 16 February 1760.
SUTICHETTCHEE He was from the Middle towns, 1730 Also called Suttellitchee Went on trip to England in 1730. fie was a representative of the Old Warrior of-Tuskasegee, and from that town.
SUWEGAS He was from the Middle towns, 1751. He was from Eahhoay.
SWALLOW WARRIOR He was from the Lower towns, 1756-1757, He was the head warrior of Estatoe, and led 100 men to attack Fort Duquesne. Served the English interest.
SWANUGI He was from the Lower towns, 1751 Also called All Bones, Kalahu, and Skiagunsta of Cheowee.
TACITE OUSTENAIRA He was from the Lower towns, 1751 Tacite is defined as Mankiller (Tacite, Tossety, Tossity, and Otossity).
TAIL He was from the Lower towns, 1761. Cherokee name, Utana. A half breed. Served in Oconostota's War of 1760. He was from Estatoe. Tail Benge later was called by this name, He spoke fluent Creek and was associated with Moytoy of Keowee, Known to attack the white settlers.
TALLICHAMA 1759. "Talli" is defined as 'two," Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760.
TALLITAHE 1759. Name defined as "twokiller" Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760.
TAME DOE She was from the Overhills, 1738-1775. She was Little Carpenter's sister, and Nancy Ward and Long Fellow's mother. She married Sir Francis Ward.
TEETATELOSKI He was from the Overhills, 1761. Went with Little Carpenter's peace delegation to the English. He was from Settico.
TELLITLEHE He was from the Overhills, 1756. One of six great men of the Overhills.
TELLOQUOLUFTOKAY He was from the Overhills, 1730. A Tellico headman.
TENASE WARRIOR He was from the Overhills, 1730. He helped Moytoy and Alexander Cumming establish rulership over the Cherokees in 1730. May be Johnny of Tenase or Warrior of Tenase.
TERRAPIN He was from the Overhills, 1765. Also called Tuskasah of Chiles Tooch. He was Oconostota's son by his first wife, a Creek woman. Born in Chota about 1740.
TETHTOWE He was from the Lower towns, 1730. SEE: Tiftowe.
TETTATELASKI He was from the Overhills, 1761. Went with Little Carpenter's peace delegation to the British,
THICK LEGG WARRIOR He was from the Overhills, 1758- 1759.Served the English interest, and was from Chatuga.
THIGH He was from the Overhills, 1756-1759, Served as an interpreter between the Savannahs and Cherokees. Formerly a prisoner of the Savannahs, and was from Great Tellico. Associated with French John and Savannah Tom.
TIFTOA He was from the Overhills. SEE: Willenawah.
TIFTOWE He was from the Lower towns, 1730-1761. Also called Teptoa and Old Tiftowe, Went on trip to England in 1730. He was a headman in Estatoe. Also listed from Keowee. Served the French interest and Oconostota in 1760.
TISTOEE He was from the Overhills, 1761. He was an old man from Tomatley.
TOHANORAWIGHTON He was from the Overhills, 1762. Went to England in 1762 with Ostenaco and Lieutenant Henry Timberlake.
TOLLITCHE 1751. SEE: Suttellitichee.
TONY OF CHOTA He was from the Overhills, 1760. Died of smallpox as a hostage at Fort Prince George in February 1760.
TOSSETTEE He was from the Overhills. SEE: Mankiller of Telassee.
TOSSETY He was from the Overhills. SEE: Mankiller of Settico.
TOTAIAHHOI 1759. Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in 1780.
TOTTERSHALL He was from, the Lower towns, 1755. Served the English interest, and was a messenger from Keowee to Chota.
TSIYUGUNSINI He was from the Overhills, 1775. Name defined as "Dragging Canoe." He was Little Carpenter's son, and from Great Island.
TULLITHUSSQUE He was from the Lower towns, 1756. A headman in the Lower towns-
TUSCOLOSO He was from the Overhills, 1759 Worked with Creeks against the English traders. He was from Settico.
UCANOREACH He was from the Overhills, 1753. A deputy of Old Hop who associated with Little Carpenter for Chota's benefit.
UCONACO He was from the Lower towns, 1756. A headman in the Lower towns.
UKANTA He was from the Overhills, 1751. A headman in Chota. The name probably signifies Ogana or Groundhog. Possibly Oconostota.
UKEYOUROUGH A headman in the Lower towns, 1756.
UKWANEEQUA He was from the Overhills, 1730, Supposed to have, went on the trip to England in 1730.
ULOFTA He was from the Overhills, 1751. A headman of an Overbill town. One of the leaders of the Great Tellico faction.
UNANIKALLAREE He was from the Overhills, 1751. A headman of an Overhill town. One of the leaders of the Great Tellico faction.
USLUNECUS He was from the Overhills (Tenase), 1754,
USTENEUE He was from the Overhills (Tuskasegee), 1754.
WARD, NANCY She was from the Overhills, 1755-1775. Known as Ghighau, Nanyehi, War Woman, Most Beloved Woman . After 1755, she led the women's war council. She was Tame Doe's daughter, and Little Carpenter's niece. Raised by Oconostota and Lucy Ward. She married Kingfisher, and later Bryant Ward. She was from Chota, and later Womankiller Ford. Born in 1738 at Chota and died in 1822 an Ocoee River, A member of the Wolf Clan.
WARRIOR OF ESTATOE He was from the Lower towns, 1753- 1761.Cherokee name, Ecuwe. Also called the Old Warrior of Estatoe, Ayatsigi (Warrior). The head warrior of the Lower towns. Went with the Little Carpenter's peace delegation to the English in 1761.
WARRIOR OF NOITLEY He was from the Valley towns, 1751.Cherokee term for warrior, 'Ayatsigi.'
WARRIOR OF STECOE He was from the Middle towns, 1760. Died as a hostage at Fort Prince George on 8 February 1760 at 7:00 P.M.
WARRIOR OF TENASE He was from the Overhills, 1754-1755. A warrior from Tenase.
WARRIOR OF TOMATLEY He was from the Overhills, 17 54-1755 A headman in Tomatley.
WARRIOR OF TOOGALOO He was from the Lower towns, 1751. Also called the Good Warrior or Old Warrior.
WARRIOR OF TOQUA He was from the Overhills, 1754. A headman of Toqua
WAUTEKA He was from the Middle towns Ioree, 1759.
WHITE, ANDREW He was from the Lower towns, 1751-1752. A half breed from Keowee. He killed an Englishman at the Occonies. In 1752, he was held as a prisoner of the English.
WHITE OWL He was from the Middle towns, 1761. Called the King of Kituwah, and killed on 29 May 1761 in battle.
WHITE OWL He was from the Overhills, 1757. Cherokee name Ookoonaka. A young warrior and son of Little Carpenter. He was from Toqua and later Natchey Creek.
WHITE OWL He was from the Lower towns, 1761. He was a diplomat of Oconostota, who was sent to demand peace with the English in 1761. He was from Toxaway.
WHOATEHE 1759. Held hostage at Fort Prince George by the British and murdered in February 1760.
WHOKLORER He was from the Lower towns, 1754. A headman over Keowee.
WILLENAWAH He was from the Overhills, 1751-1777. Also called Gray Eagle, Great Eagle, Tiftoa, Woolenawah, and Woolochuoah. He was from Tenase and later Great Tellico. A warrior.
WOHACHE He was from the Lower towns, 1748-1757. Also called Ohatchee, Wawhatchee, Wayayochy, Wryoche, and Yorhatche. A headman over three Lower towns. He served as a speaker for Lower towns, and was against the English interest. He was from Keowee. He replaced Skiagunsta of Keowee as the head warrior of the Lower towns in 1753. As a young warrior (1748) he lived in Conasatchee (Sugar Town). In 1756, he attempted to separate the Lower towns from the authority of Chota.
WOLF He was from the Lower towns, 1756-1761. Cherokee name Waya. A head warrior in the Lower towns. Associated with Willenawah, and was from Keowee.
WOLF KING He was from the Overhills, 1760. He went with the Old Warrior to New Orleans in 1760, to request presents from the French.
YACHTANNO He was from the Lower towns, 1759. He took English scalps on the Broad and Catawba Rivers, and was an associate of Saloue (Seroweh). He was from Estatoe.
YACHTINO He was from the Overhills, 1757-1762. Also called Youghtanno. In 1757, he led forty warriors from Chilohowie and Telassee against Fort Duquesne. He was visited by Lieutenant Henry Timberlake in 1762, and was from Chilohowie.
YAHOKA He was from the Lower towns, 1753. A headman in Keowee.
YELLOWBIRD He was from the Lower towns, 1751-1754. Cherokee name Cheesquatarone. He was from Estatoe. One of the head warriors of the Middle towns. He was from Ioree (Jore) or Watoga.
YORHATCHE He was from the Lower towns (Toxaway), 1753.
YOROGOTOGASKEE He was from the Lower towns, 1717. He received presents from the British in South Carolina.
YOUNG TWIN He was from the Lower towns, 1760. Little Carpenter accused him of murders, and turned him over to the English. This was to get the release of several key chiefs held at Fort Prince George. Associated with the Slave Catcher of Conasatchee (Sugar Town).
YOUNG WARRIOR He was from the Lower towns, 1761-1766. He was a young warrior from Estatoe, and against the English interest.
Cherokees found in Genealogical Records
ABRAM - He was from Chilhowee - Overhill Town, Tellico River, Monroe County, and led one division in the Cherokee War of 1776. Murdered by John Kirk Jr. on 4 June 1788.
ARCHIE, JOHN - He was from Running Water, and was a half- breed trader who lived with Dragging Canoe in 1777.
BADGER - He was from Eustanally. The Cherokee word for Badger was Occunna. Attakulla-kulla's son and Dragging Canoe's brother. He led diplomatic missions to Canada and Detroit in 1783-1784.
BENCH - (Same as Bob Benge) Nephew of Old Tassel and relative of John Watts. He served as a lieutenant under Dragging Canoe.
BENGE, BOB - Born about 1760 in the Overhills, and was Old Tassel's nephew. One of Dragging Canoe's most feared warriors. Worked with Shawnees. Killed in Virginia in 1794.
BENGE, JOHN - Father of Bob Benge. He was a white trader and friend of Dragging Canoe.
BENGE, LUCY - 1776-1846,
BIG FELLOW - He delivered talks from John Watts to colonial officials in 1792. ?????
BIG FOOL - He was from Chickamauga. One of two headmen over Chickamauga town.
BIG FOOT - Creek Name, Oolaselana. Also called Black Foot. A Creek headman, that took part in the Coldwater expedition. Killed in 1787, There was also a Chickasaw leader known by this name.
BLACK FOX - He was from Eustanally. The Cherokee word for Black Fox was Inah or Enola. Nephew of Dragging Canoe. In 1819, the Principal Headman of the Cherokee Nation
BLOODY FELLOW - The Cherokee word for Bloody Fellow was Nentooyah. He was a seceding chief in 1777. He worked with Dragging Canoe and later the Americans. Washington named him the Algonkian name "Iskaqua" meaning "clear sky," Was a part of the peace faction that went to Philadelphia, 12 December 1791.
BOB - A slave owned by a trader named Sullivan. Associated with Istillicha and Cat, who were part of the Creek band of the Chickamaugas.
BOLD HUNTER - Same as Bowl, Duwali, or John(?) Bowles
BOOT - He was from Chickamauga. The Cherokee word for boot was Chulcoah A citizen of the Chickamauga towns
BOWL - He was from Running Water Cherokee name, Duwali. He was born about 1756 and was a headman by 1792. Also called Chief Bowles. He led the, Chickamaugas in battle at Muscle Shoals. He lived among the Creeks, though was married to a Cherokee woman. Chief Bowles was the son of a Scottish father (killed 1768) and Cherokee mother. Known to have had red hair and blue eyes. Three wives listed on the records: Jennie, Oolootsa, and Ootiva. He died at age, 84 in Texas.
BREATH - He was from Nickajack. The Cherokee word for breath was Unlita. Name defined as "long winded," or "good runner." Headman of Nickajack. Went to peace talk with Governor Witham Blount in 1792. Killed during Ore's Raid in 1794. A nephew lived with him.
BROOM - A Cherokee headman, who went to the peace talk with Governor Blount in 1792. Father-in-law of Charles Renatus Hicks.
BROWN, MRS. JAMES - Captured in 1788 by Chickamaugas, along with her children: Joseph, George, Jane, and Polly Brown. Relatives in Pendleton District, S.C.
BROWN, THOMAS - A British agent to the Upper Creeks and affiliate of John McDonald at Chickamauga. He raised a band of Tories from this region.
DUCK - Known to be a protesting headman at Sycamore Shoals in March 1775. A seceding headman in 1777. Messenger for Cameron in 1777. Served as a messenger between Robert Dews and Cameron in 1777.
CABIN - The Cherokee word for cabin was Kanechi. Went to peace talk with Governor William Blount in 1792.
CAHETOY - The Cherokee interpreter that travelled with the Northern Delegation in Summer 1776.
CAMERON, ALEXANDER - Called Scotchee by the Cherokees, and adopted by Dragging Canoe as his brother. British Deputy Agent to the Cherokees. He organized a band of Tories that attached to the Chickamaugas. Archibald and David Cameron served as British Tories. Alexander Cameron died 29 December 1781.
CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER - An associate of John McDonald. British trader, who held strong influence in the Lower Towns as late as 1793.
CAPPEE - Old Hop's adopted son. Said to have been a refugee African slave who served the French interest.
CAPTAIN ISAACS - Headman of the CooBawdas, who lived on Alabama River. Allied to Dragging Canoe, and participated in attacks on the Cumberland Valley.
CAT - A white man who was associated with latillicha and Bob. Associated with a Creek band that were allies of Dragging Canoe.
CELARLEY - He was from Running Water. Went to peace talk with Governor William Blount in 1792.
CHARLOTTE - Associated with Lying Fish in 1777.
CHAWOLKLY WARRIOR -
CHIHASAU WARRIOR - A Lower Creek headman that was an ally to John Stuart. Chihasau may be defined as Chickasaw.
CHINOBE - The, Great Natchez Warrior, and a Natchez diplomat. Went on peace mission to New York in 1790.
CHISHOLM, JOHN D.-
CIVIL, JACK - He was from Nickajack. A black man captured by the Chickamaugas who chose to remain with the tribe after his release as a prisoner.
COODY, ARCHIBALD - He married Elizabeth Meade.
COLBERT, JAMES - A Chickasaw trader that was associated with John Benge.
CORNELL, ALEXANDER -
COTETOY - He was from Tuckseegee of the Chickamauga Towns.
CRIER - A citizen of the Chickamauga towns.
CUSSITAH KING - Cussitah is defined as 'Upper Creek,' or Creeks living near the Coosa River. Allied to the Chickamauga Confederacy in 1777.
DISTURBER - He went on the mission of peace to Philadelphia 28 December 1791.
DOUBLEHEAD - He was from Chickamauga. The Cherokee word for Doublehead was Tultsuska. Also called Autowwe (walking). Name defined as 'two heads.' Old Tassel's brother and John Watt's uncle. Served in Dragging Canoe's resistance force. Later, moved to Center Star, Alabama and Muscle Shoals. Listed as a full-blood. He was murdered by Alexander Sanders in 1807.
DRAGGING CANOE - He was from Running Water. The Cherokee word for Dragging Canoe was Tsiyugunsini. Born about 1738 in the Overhills. The head warrior and prophet of the Chickamauga Confederacy. Died 1 March 1792, and is buried beneath Nickajack Lake.
EMISTIGUO - The Upper Creek (Cussita) Principal Man, who worked with Cameron and Dragging Canoe in efforts to unify the Creeks and Cherokees. He died in April 1783 leading an attack on the frontier near Savannah, Georgia.
FIELDS, GEORGE - A half-breed Cherokee who lived with John Watts. Son of Richard Fields. Served as a scout in the Cherokee Auxillaries under John Watts.
FIELDS, JOHN - Lived in five Lower (Chickamauga) towns.
FLUTE - The Cherokee word for Flute was Toochelar. Associated with Doublehead and Glass.
FOOL CHARLEY - Killed on 12 June 1783 in the attack by Captain John Beard.
FOOL WARRIOR - A citizen of the Chickamauga towns Died 2 June 1788 in battle near Hiwassee.
GLASS - He was from Lookout Mountain town. The Cherokee word for glass was Adaketi. Cherokee name, Tauqueto. Lieutenant under Dragging Canoe. Prominent from 1791-1809, and closely associated with Doublehead, Flute, and Richard Justice. In 1791, he led 60 warriors against the Cumberland settlements. A citizen of the Chickamauga towns, who later emigrated to the West, near Muscle Shoals, Alabama. Citizen of the Chickamauga towns. Also known as Thomas Glass.
GOURD - The Cherokee word for gourd is Ganseti.
HANGING MAW - The Cherokee word for Hanging Maw was Uskwaliguta, which means 'his stomach hanging down.' A prominent headman during the Revolutionary War. A seceding headman in 1777. Wife named Betty.
HEADMAN OF HIWASSEE -Went to peace talk with Governor William Blount in 1792.
HICKS, CHARLES RENATUS - Born 1756, and married Nancy Broom, daughter of Broom. He was the son of Nathan Hicks.
HICKS, WILLIAM - Brother of Charles Renatus Hicks.
HOKOLESQUA - A Shawnee headman who travelled to Muscle Shoals to meet with Cherokees.
ISTILLICHA - Known as the Manslayer. A Hillabee Creek who was associated with Dragging Canoe in 1788. Also associated with Bob and Cat.
JUSTICE, DICK (Richard) - Cherokee name, Uwenahi and Tsusti means 'he has wealth." Lieutenant under Dragging Canoe. The conjuror or shaman at Lookout Mountain. He ran Justice's Ferry.
KIACHATALEE - He was from Nickajack. Name also spelled Kittegiska and Kitegisky, which means "he shot two." A seceding headman in 1777. He was Tom Tunbridge's step son, and of French Cherokee descent- Went to peace talk with Governor William Blount in 1792. Killed at Buchanan's Station on 30 September 1792.
KINGFISHER - He was from Eustanally. Also called Jobbees Son. Part of peace faction that went to Philadelphia on 28 December 1791,
KINNARD, JACK - An Upper Creek who worked with the Chickamaugas.
LASKIGITCHI - He was from Settico. Took part in the Cherokee War of 1776. Ninihica's brother. Put to death while captive of American forces.
LITTLE DEER - He was from Settico. The Cherokee word for Little Deer was Awiusdi. An early Cherokee nationalist, probably from the Middle settlements. Oconostota swore a warrant on his death. He attempted to capture and kill the trader, Isaac Thomas.
LITTLE OWL - The Cherokee word for Little Owl was Ookoousdi. Attakullak"a's son and Dragging Canoe's brother. Served as Dragging Canoe's emissary to the British in Canada and Detroit. A seceding headman in 1777. Killed at Buchanan's Station in 1792.
LONG FELLOW - Cherokee name, Tuskegetchee. Born about 1737. Nancy Ward's Brother and Dragging Canoe's first cousin. A seceding headman in 1777.
LONG HAIR - The Cherokee word for Long Hair was Gilugunhita. He fought against General Anthony Wayne in 1794
LONG WARRIOR - A Creek headman who attempted to capture all Creeks allied to the Americans in April 1776. Associated with Pumpkin King.
LOWERY,GEORGE - Held the rank of Major in the Cherokee Auxillaries. Born at Tuskegee in 1770, and died 20 October 1852- Buried at Tahlequah (Oklahoma). From the family of Nannie, daughter of Ghigoneli, the daughter of Oolootsa of the Holly Clan. He married Lucy Benge. Visited George Washington as a representative of the Chickamaugas.
LOWERY, JOHN - Married Elizabeth Shorey and Ganelugi. Son of George Lowery and Ghigoneli, and grandson of Oolootsa of the Holly Clan. He was the son-in-law of John McDonald,
LYIN FISH - He was from Toqua. The Cherokee term for Lying Fish was Utsutiganagohi or Utsutagana. A seceding headman in 1777. He and his nephew served as interpreters.
MCCLURE,-
MCDANIEL, - A Cherokee trader who lived near Dragging Canoe's camp in 1777.
MCDONALD,JOHN - He ran a trading business at Lookout Mountain. Married Annie Shorey, daughter of William Shorey (English) and Ghigooie (full blood Cherokee woman of the Bird Clan). One of John Stuart's Cherokee deputies. He moved to Lookout Mountain around 1770 where he ran a trading post. Former Cherokee trader and of Scottish descent. British agent of Chickamauga.
MCGILLIVARY, ALEXANDER - He was from Little Talassie (Upper Creek town). Upper (Coosa) Creek leader who worked with Dragging Canoe on establishing a confederacy. Son of Lachlan McGiffivary, and of Scottish/Cherokee descent. Allied to Spanish in 1784, and died 17 February 1794. Buried in Pensacola, Florida.
MADDOG - He was from Tuckabatchies. A Creek headman, who was killed by Anthony Bledsoe's slave, Abraham, May be the same as Dog Lieutenant in 1777.
MALLET,POLLY - A French woman raised among the Cherokees. She married Tom Tunbridge.
MANKILLER - He was from Settico The Cherokee word for mankiller was Outacite- Also called Utsidihi and Lame Arm. Oconostota's younger brother and the son of the Smallpox Conjuror of Settico.
MIDDLESTRIKER - He was from Willstown. The Cherokee word for Middlestriker was Oonoyahka. A citizen of the Chickamauga towns. He and the White Mankiller led 55 warriors.
MOUTH - He was from Tellico. Known as the Mouth of Tellico. He was associated with the war faction in 1776.
NETTLE CARRIER - The Cherokee word for Nettle Carrier or Hemp Carrier was Talotiskee or Taladanegiski. A brother of Old Tassel. Killed at Ish's Station in 1793.
NINIHICA - He was ftom. Settico. He was the brother of Laskig-itchi, and a relative of Terrapin (Terrapin was the son of Oconostota).
NONTUAKA - Went to peace talk with Governor William Blount in 1792.
NORTHWARD - Known as 'the Northward.' Went on mission of peace to Philadelphia 28 December 1791.
OSALOTISKA - A Lower Creek headman who led 500 Creeks in the Battle of Buchanan's Station, 30 September 1792.
OSIOOTA - He was from Chilohowie. He served with the northern delegation to Chota, 1776. He took the war belt from Dragging Canoe and struck the war pole.
OSTENACO - He was from Judd's Creek. Also called Mankiller or Outacite, Otossity, and Judd's Friend. A possible son of Kittegusta, the Second man of Chota One of Oconostota's chief warriors. Went to Fngland with HenryTimberlake in 1762.
OTTER LIFTER - He was from Running Water. The Cherokee word for Otter Lifter was Chiakoneskie or Tsiyahanesski. Headman of Chickamaugas who lived at Running Water town.
OWL'S SON - He was a young warrior from Lookout Mountain town..
PEARIS, RICHARD - A Cherokee (Overhills) trader, who later was a British Tory, and held the rank of Ensign.
PRICE, MOSES - He was from Lookout Mountain town. A half-breed who travelled to England with John Bowles. An interpreter.
PRINCE - The term "Prince," or "Princess" has no relevant usage in the Cherokee language. This English usage refers to a second man or second woman. The term prince was often used to describe Kittegunsta or second man. The subject was obviously a man of notable recognition within a region. This Cherokee man went on the mission of peace to Philadelphia 28 December 1791.
PUMPKIN BOY - The Cherokee word for Pumpkin Boy was Iyahuwagiatsutsa. Old Tassel's brother. Killed at Ish's Station.
PUMPKIN KING - A Creek headman who attempted to capture all Creeks allied to the Americans in April 1776. Associated with Long Warrior.
RAVEN - He was from Chota. Temporarily attached to Dragging Canoe in the Cherokee War of 1776. Oconostota's chief advisor and relative. Known as Savanooka, or Shawnee.
RED BIRD - He was from Chilhowee - Overhill Town, Tellico River, Monroe County . The Cherokee word for Red Bird was Tsisquaya. He helped slay the Kirk family (1788).
RED HAWK - A Shawnee chief who gave wampum to Dragging Canoe.
RIDGE - The Cherokee word for Ridge was Nannahidihi. Gunandalegi means "one who follows the ridge."
RILEY, JOHN - Son of Samuel Riley (Gulustiyu) and Nigodigeyu.
RISING FAWN - The Cherokee word for Rising Fawn was Agiligina or Agili, which means "he is rising." Some have referred to it as Kenoteta A headman of the Lower Cherokees in 1790.
ROGERS, - A Cherokee trader who lived among the Chickamaugas in 1780, and was mentioned by John Donelson
ROSS, JOHN - The grandson of John McDonald.
SAVANNAH JACK - He was from Tallapoosa, and was of the Savannah tribe of South Carolina. This tribe lived along the Savannah River and were, of Shawano descent. There was always an element of resistance among these people, and Savannah Jack was one of their boldest leaders. Savannah Jack spent 40 years contesting American western expansion. He and a number of Savannah warriors settled among the Upper Creeks, and later among the Chickamauga Confederacy. He served with the Red Sticks in their war against General Andrew Jackson (Creek War, 1813). Later, he resided in Florida among Spanish associates. Though his warriors were few, his war against American western expansion was significant. He was associated with Charles and William Weatherford.
SCANTEE - Killed in attack by Captain John Beard 12 June 1793.
SCOTT, LT. WALTER - Led 300 Cherokees in attack on frontiers of Georgia and South Carolina in May 1779.
SEAGRAVES, JAMES - An Irishman who served as Superintendent of the Creek Nation about 1791. Lived at Oconee.
SEED-
SEMPLE, THOMAS - The messenger from Alexander Cameron to Robert Dews in 1777
SEMPOYATFE - A Creek warrior allied to the British in 1777.
SHAWNEE WARRIOR - He was from Running Water, and leader of the Shawnees at Running Water. Led 30 Shawnee warriors under the command of John Watts, and died in battle near Nashville, 1792.
SKIUKA - Also spelled Skiuga, which means 'ground squirrel." He surrendered at Lookout Mountain town in 1782, and was defeated by Sevier's Tennessee volunteers.
SLIM TOM - He was from Chilohowie, and was the instigator of the Kirk massacre.
STANDING TURKEY - The Cherokee word for Standing Turkey was Kanorcortuker. A half-breed Cherokee. He was the son of Old Hop, and relaced him as principal headman in 1760, after appointment by Oconostota and Kittegunsta. He delivered black beads from John Watts.
TAHLONTEESKEE - Prominent Chickamauga warrior 1792, and Principal headman in 1818. Nephew of John Watts. His brother was John Jolly, and he was the brother-in-law of Doublehead. Moved to Blue Water Creek in Arkansas after 1805.
TAIL - He was from Wills Town. The Cherokee word for tail was Utana. May have been called Martin Benge, son of John Benge and brother of Bob Benge.
TALLASSEE KING - He was from Hlayeatskey. An Upper Creek that worked with the Chickamaugas. Associated with Chickamaugas in 1777. Wife and son murdered by the Americans. In 1790, he went on mission of peace to New York.
TALOTISKEE - He was from Broken Arrow, He led 83 Creeks under John Watts command, and died in battle near Nashville in 1792.
TATLANTA - A citizen of the Chickamauga towns.
TEAKAKISKIE - He was from Hiwassee. He was at the Grand Cherokee Council in 1792.
TECUMSEH - He lived at Running Water for a short period.. Tecumseh and his brothers, Cheeseekau and the Prophet served with the Shawnees of Running Water town. Cheeseekau was killed in battle. Their mother "Methoataska' had Creek ties.
THOMPSON, JOHN -
TSALADIRI - A protestor at the Treaty of Sycamore Shoals. Name may be Charley Killer (Tsalidihi) or Three Killer (Tsadihi).
TUNBRIDGE, TOM - A white man who married a captured French woman. Captor of Joseph Brown. Irishman.
TURTLE AT HOME - He was from Running Water, and was Attakullakulla's son and Dragging Canoe's younger brother. He ran a ferry at Nickajack. On 15 March 1792, he became headman over Running Water town.
TUSKIGATCHEE - Went to peace talk of Governor William Blount in 1792.
TUWEEKEE - He was from Cowee, and known as the, Cowee Warrior. Served as a Cherokee diplomat to the British in Pensacola during Walter Scott's raid on the Georgia and South Carolina frontiers.
VANN, JOHN - Mixed blood Cherokee, Responsible for the Brown incident. Lived at Running Water or Nickajack.
WALKER, JOHN - A half-breed Cherokee who lived with John Watts. Served as a scout for John Watts and was a Major in the Cherokee Auxillaries.
WARRIOR OF CHILOHOWIE - He and Dragging Canoe were blamed for starting the Cherokee War of 1776. Same as Old Abram of Chilohowie.
WARRIOR OF SETTICO - He helped start the Cherokee War of 1776. Was a relative to Terrapin of Sugar Town, Laskigitchi, Oconostota and Ninihica.
WARRIOR OF TOQUA - Associated with the war faction in 1776.
WATTS, JOHN - He was from Toqua. Also called Young Tassel or Kunokeski. He became the Chickamauga Head warrior after Dragging Canoe's death in 1792. He was a seceding headman in 1777, and wounded at Buchanan's Station in 1792. In 1792, Watts led 167 Cherokees, 30 Shawnees (under Shawnee Warrior), and 83 Creeks (Under Talotiskee). At one point, he led 300 mounted troops, and in the attack on Knoxville, he supposedly led 1000 warriors, 1793. Died at Willstown in 1808. His mother was a sister of Old Tassel.
WEATHERFORD, CHARLES - Lived among the Chickamaugas. He was married to Sehoy, the half sister of Alexander McGillivary. He was the son of William Weatherford. He later participated in the Creek War of 1813 with the Red Sticks, and was associated with Savannah Jack.
WEBBER, WILL - He was from Nequassee. A half-breed Cherokee, and possible brother of Ostenaco. His father was said to be a British officer. He was called Red-headed Will Webber, and Willstown was named after him.
WHITE BIRD TAIL KING - An Upper Creek headman allied to the Chickamaugas.
WHITE MANKILLER - The Cherokee terms for White Mankiller were Ishettechi, Unenegattee, Unegadihi, and Unacatadihi. He was Attakullakulla's son and Dragging Canoe's brother. Killed at Buchanan's Staion in 1792.
WHITE MANKILLER - John Watt's brother. Associated with Middlestriker and a nephew of Old Tassel.
WILBANKS, CAPTAIN - A refuge Tory, who lived with Dragging Canoe for a short period.
WILL - He was from Running Water. Went to peace talk of Governor William Blount in 1792. May be the same as Will Webber.
WILLENAWAH - The Great Eagle, and a brother of Attakullakulla. During the French and Indian Wars (1760), Willenawah led an attack on Fort Loudon, a British fort located about 11 miles South of modern Knoxville, Tennessee. A protester at the Treaty of Sycamore Shoals.
WILLIS, FRANK -
YACHTINA - A Cherokee from the Valley Settlements who went to the Charlotte (American) conference in 1776.
YOUNG DRAGGING CANOE - Son of Dragging Canoe. From Lookout Mountain town. Known as Young Canoe.
YOUNG EAGLE -
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