James Grant Cherokee Expedition
The James Grant expedition was one of 4 expeditions to control the Cherokees.
Coexistence or Detente?
Not possible.
On December 15, 1760,
Lord Jeffrey Amherst, the British commander-in-chief in America, being now master of Canada, sent orders to Colonel James Grant to prepare a new expedition against the Cherokee for the defence of the southern provinces.
On December 23,
Grant's force sailed from New York for Charleston where he arrived January 10 1761.
By mid April,
delayed by heavy rain, Grant was still encamped at Monk's Corner.
On April 14,
Grant finally started his march towards the Congaree River.
Background
The Cherokees became mostly dependent upon trade with the Whites.
A triangle of debt trapped all players.
White traders would assess the ability of each Cherokee to bring in so many deerskins. They would "front" or put on credit each Cherokee with different amounts of black powder, maybe a replacement of a faulty musket, maybe a metal tomahawk, knives, and kitchen pottery and clothes for their women, maybe mirrors so they could paint their faces. This was done on credit. This was done in anticipation of how many deerskins brought back that would pay for those items.
The traders themselves were in debt.
They were given these items up front without paying for them first. So those deerskins brought in by the Cherokees would later help the white trader pay back the merchants in Charleston.
The Merchants in Charleston were in debt to London for ordering those items.
All in the debt triangle gambled they'd get a little more for themselves as profit rather than just enough to pay off debt.
This economy came up to a 50,000 deerskin trade per year. For how long? How much decline of the deer herd each year? How much did the hunting lands need to expand while it was being diminished by more and more White settlers?
Mixed in with this trade were drunk Indians, drunk white men, sexual liaisons between white traders with Cherokee women when the Cherokee man was out on a long hunt. There was also the continual stealing of land. And meanwhile the Cherokee nation like all other Indian nations was not a monolithic unit. They were of different villages with their own leaders, their own visions, their own different needs.
The turning point of Cherokees going against the "English" started in Virginia. Winchester was one of the places where disputes and displeasure occurred.
In fact Winchester Virginia could be considered as the starting point that led to the Cherokee wars with the "English."
Read of those incidents in Winchester in these links.
As the Cherokee left Winchester in disgust, they intended to take what they should have been given: Horses, supplies. This started the cycle of revenge lasting from 1758 to 1762.
And one by one the expeditions came to quell Cherokee unrest. The main focus here is the last of those expeditions. This last expedition was the most punishing one. it was the most destructive of the Cherokee villages. It was led by James Grant.
The 4 Expeditions
See stories on his expedition to the Cherokee lands
William Byrd III 1759-1762
See stories on his expedition to the Cherokee lands
Archibald Montgomery 1760
See stories on his expedition to the Cherokee lands
James Grant 1761
See stories on his expedition to the Cherokee lands
That's it.
That's our lead story.
There's always more.
Skip around.
Read bits and pieces
Compiled by Jim Moyer Sept 2024, last updated 10/8/2024, 10/11/2024
Table of Contents
The source of Table of Contents with some modifications comes from this link:
https://www.kronoskaf.com/syw/index.php?title=1761_-_British_expedition_against_the_Cherokee_Indians
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James Grant Expedition
MAPS
Cherokee Village Populations
By 1762, the various villages of the Cherokee Country could still supply 809 fighting men coming from the following villages on the Little Tennessee River:
Mialoquo, or the Great Island: 24 men under Chief Ada-gal’kala
Tuskegee (at the confluence with the Tellico River): 55 men under Chief Ada-gal’kala
Tomotley: 91 men under Chief Ostenaco
Toqua (at the confluence with Toco Creek): 82 men under Chief Willinawaw
Tanasi: 21 men under Chief Kanagatucko
Chota (the capital): 175 men under Great Chief Kanagatucko
Chilhowee (at the confluence with Abrams Creek): 110 men under Chief Yachtino
Settacoo (at the confluence with Citico): 204 men under Chief Seroweh
Tallassee: 47 men
Timetable
James Grant Expedition
1760
In 1760, the Cherokee stopped the advance of Montgomery during his expedition against their Middle Towns, defeating him at Echoee on June 24 and forcing him to retire.
In the first part of August,
the Cherokees captured Fort Loudon. Panic and consternation reigned in Charleston at the news.
On December 15, 1760,
Lord Jeffrey Amherst, the British commander-in-chief in America, being now master of Canada, sent orders to Colonel James Grant to prepare a new expedition against the Cherokee for the defence of the southern provinces.
On December 23,
Grant's force sailed from New York for Charleston where he arrived January 10 1761.
1761
January 17, 1761,
Grant wrote to Amherst from Charleston, where he was assembling his force, to expose him the difficulty of his mission. It seemed impossible to find forage for cattle and horses along his line of advance before April.
On March 24,
Chief Ostenaco sent a parley to Grant from his village of Tomotley.
On April 1,
Chief Seroweh came in person to discuss.
By mid April,
delayed by heavy rain, Grant was still encamped at Monk's Corner.
On April 14,
Grant finally started his march towards the Congaree River.
On April 22,
Grant arrived at the Congaree where he was joined by the South Carolina Provincials and the 1st Royal Regiment of Foot. This brought his total force to:
17th Foot (2 coys)
22nd Foot (2 coys)
95th Foot (8 independent coys recently arrived from Great Britain and regimented together)
1st Royal Regiment of Foot (4 coys) under Hamilton
South Carolina Provincials (about 200 men) under Thomas Middleton
Mohawk warriors (unspecified strength)
Mohican warriors aka Stockbridge people (unspecified strength)
Chickasaw warriors (20 men)
Catawba warriors (20 men)
250 wagoneers
By April 25,
the Cherokee had released several prisoners taken at Fort Loudoun who rejoined Fort Prince George.
At the end of April,
a Chickasaw scouting party sent forward by Grant attacked the village of Keowee, killing Chief Tistoe's wife and wounding his son, before returning to “12 Mile Run” near Saluda.
On May 4, a cyclone struck Charleston. The weather was terrible and Grant's advance very slow.
On May 18, Grant reached Fort Ninety Six where where it joined 401 rangers led by Thompson.
On May 22, Chief Ada-gal’kala arrived at Fort Prince George to open peace negotiations.
On May 23, Grant, still on his way to Fort Prince George, was informed of Chief Ada-gal’kala's arrival.
On May 24, Grant's messenger, carrying proposals for Chief Ada-gal’kala, arrived at Fort Prince George after the latter's departure.
On May 27, Grant's army finally arrived at Fort Prince George. Chief Ada-gal’kala, hearing that a formidable army approached his nation, hastened to the camp of Colonel Grant and proposed terms of accommodation but did not come to any agreement.
On May 28, Grant put his men to work to prepare for the invasion of the Middle Towns and to make a camp to protect his 150 wagons which he intent to leave behind.
On May 29, Chief Ada-gal’kala quitted Fort Prince George to carry Grant's condition to the Cherokee.
By June 2, more than 60 Cherokee had put themselves under Grant's protection at Fort Prince George.
On June 7, Grant, at the head of 2,600 men advanced towards the Cherokee country.
On June 11 at 8:00 a.m.,
after three days of forced march, an engagement took place at Etchoe on almost the same ground where Cherokee warriors had fought Montgomery in the previous campaign. The action fought under heavy rain lasted till 2:00 p.m. and the Cherokee were finally forced to retire. In this action, Grant lost about 60 men killed or wounded, not counting the losses of his Indian allies. In this engagement, Grant lost:
1st Royal Regiment of Foot: Ensign Knight wounded, 1 soldier killed, 4 wounded
17th Foot and 22nd Foot: 6 soldiers wounded, Ensign Monro of the 22nd killed
95th Foot: Lieutenant Barber and Ensign Campbell wounded, 1 sergeant and 4 soldiers killed, 16 soldiers wounded
South Carolina Provincials: Lieutenant Terry wounded, 1 soldier killed, 1 drummer and 12 soldiers wounded
Native American Allies: 1 wounded
Rangers: 1 soldier killed and 2 wounded
Pack horse men: 1 soldier killed and 5 wounded
After the engagement, Grant's force marched forward to the Cherokee village of Echoee which they reached about midnight of June 12.
On the morning of June 12,
Grant burnt the village of Echoee. Grant then proceeded to 14 other villages of the Middle Towns where he destroyed the granaries and corn fields and burnt the villages. He drove back the Cherokee to the mountains.
Grant then returned to Fort Prince George.
In September
Ada-gal’kala, Ostenaco and 17 other leaders went to Fort Prince George to surrender and sign a new peace treaty. However, Grant’s terms were insulting and included the public execution of four Cherokees. Ada-gal’kala refused to sign.
In November
Standing Turkey and 400 Cherokee made peace with Governor Stephens of Virginia.
Editor note: This "Governor Stephens" is incorrect. Most of this timetable was taken from Kronoskaf. This is actually Colonel Adam Stephen of the Virginia Regiment given the the authority by Virginia Lt Gov Francis Fauquier to make peace with the Cherokees.
In December,
Chief Ada-gal’kala went to Charlestown to talk to Governor Bull, and a treaty was signed between South Carolina and the Cherokee. At his request, Ada-gal’kala’s old friend John Stuart (Bushyhead) was made Indian Agent for South Carolina.
References
This articles contains texts from the following book which is now in the public domain:
Ramsey, J. G. M.:, The Annals of Tennessee to the end of the Eighteenth Century, Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co., 1853, pp. 61-62.
...other texts come from the following articles in Wikipedia:
Other sources
Cockran, David H.: The Cherokee Frontier: Conflict and Survival, 1740-62, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2016.
Conley, Robert J.: The Cherokee Nation: A History, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2007.
Oliphant, John: Peace and War on the Anglo-Cherokee Frontier, 1756-63, Louisiana State University Press, 2001, pp. 141-152
Shaffner, Talafiero Preston: History of the United States of America – From the earliest period to the present time, Vol. II, London and New York, 1863
The Southern Quarterly Review, Vol. VI, Charleston, 1844, p. 158
Tortora, Daniel J.: Carolina in Crisis: Cherokees, Colonists, and Slaves in the American Southeast, 1756–1763, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015.
Acknowledgements
Jean-Pierre Loriot for the losses at the engagement of Etchoe
Larry Burrows for additional information on this campaign
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Journal of Lieutenant-Colonel James Grant, Commanding an Expedition Against the Cherokee Indians, June-July, 1761
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In 1762 Peter Timothy published Christopher Gadsden’s “Some Obersations on the Two Campaigns Against the Cherokee Indians, in 1760 and 1761. In a second letter from Philoptrios.” The pamphlet was a serious of arguments demeaning Colonel Grant’s methods of assault against the Cherokee Indians. Much of the writing comes from Gadsden’s letters sent to the South Carolina Gazette, which would have been widely read by the settlers of South Carolina. Philopatrios means “lover of homeland” but interestingly it is not clear whether Gadsden is referring to England or to South Carolina. Gadsden exhibits extreme patriotism in the sense that Gadsden criticizes Grant for not killing more Cherokee warriors. Since Grant failed to further decimate the Cherokee population Gadsden believes South Carolina militants unnecessarily lost their lives.
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Francis Marion and the Training Fields of Mars: the Primer of War for the Swamp Fox
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Marion’s military experience began in 1761, when he was about nineteen years old. Enlisting for service in the Cherokee War, Marion enlisted in the South Carolina militia and was commissioned first lieutenant in a company commanded by another South Carolinian who would rise to prominence in the Revolution, William Moultrie. As part of British general James Grant’s expedition, Marion participated in only one battle but distinguished himself for his courage under fire.
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Failed Forbes Expedition in 1758, Seeds for His Anti-American Sentiments
In February of 1757, he was appointed major of the 77th Regiment of Foot (Montgomery’s Highlanders) and soon after shipped off to America to fight in the French and Indian War. He served besides Andrew Lewis (Virginian and future brigadier general), Francis Marion (later “the Swamp Fox), Hugh Mercer (fellow Scotsman who fought with Bonnie Prince Charlie at Culloden and later American general), and a young, 23 year old militia colonel named George Washington.
Grant commanded an eight hundred man advance detachment of General Forbe’s expedition toward French held Fort Duquesne in 1758.
He was ordered on a reconnaissance expedition but, which proved in future conflicts to be a habit of the pompous officer, thought the fort lightly defended and ignored orders by attacking the fort instead.
He split his forces, 1st Highland regiment of 850 men three-ways to draw the enemy into an ambuscade and was badly defeated on September 21, 1758.
He was outmaneuvered and surrounded by a much larger than anticipated force of French and Natives as one third of his force was killed, wounded and missing while he and nineteen other officers were captured and taken to Montreal to await exchange.
Two months later, as the main British force approached the fort, the French destroyed the redoubt and fled.
The British, including Americans, were appalled as many of the dead Highlanders were decapitated, the heads driven down on spikes lining the wall, their kilts tied beneath, flapping in the wind.
It is believed that the seeds of his anti-American sentiments was an outgrowth of his humiliating defeat during the Forbes expedition.
He refused to accept blame for the bungling of his mission and instead blamed his loss on the poorly-led colonial militia commanded by Major Lewis who had disregarded his orders at a critical stage during the fight.
(Facts prove that Lewis’ force fiercely attacked the enemy in their attempt to come to Grant’s aid, but were held off by a well concealed and superior force).
This may have been fresh in Grant’s mind when later, as MP in the English House of Commons, on February 2, 1775, just prior to the outbreak of hostilities in the Americas, he proclaimed that the American soldier as “Heathens… they drink, they whore, they swear”. He went on to say that the Americans “could not fight” and that he would “undertake to march from one end of the continent to the other with five thousand men.”
Despite his poor performance at Ft. Duquesne, the powers of money and influence played a hand and after exchange, was promoted to Lt. Colonel in 1760.
Within a year, he commanded a successful campaign against a southern Indian Nation entitled the Cherokee Expedition. He was cruel and brutal, destroying homes and farms and driving over 5,000 natives, including women and children, into the woods to starve. Afterwards, the Creeks in Florida labeled him the ‘Cornpuller’.
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In 1761 an expeditionary force of 2800 men commanded by Lieutenant Colonel James Grant left Charleston for the Cherokee Lower and Middle towns. Along the way they destroyed15 villages. Captain Christopher French was among three people who kept journals of the expedition. The others were kept by Henry Laurens and Francis Marion (otherwise known as 'the Swamp Fox" of Revolutionary War fame.)
Transcripts of the Grant Expedition Against the Cherokee's by Captain Christopher French can be obtained in the Journal of Cherokee Studies,Volume 1, No. 1, Summer, 1976 www.cherokeemusuem.org
The northern-most point is the Little Tennessee River as it flows into what is now Monroe & Blount County, Tennessee
CHEROKEE EXPEDITION OF JAMES GRANT. 1761. In 1759 the long-standing friendship between the Cherokee nation and South Carolina deteriorated badly as the result of friction during John Forbes's 1758 campaign and a number of murders by frontiersmen of Indians as they returned home. Governor William Lyttleton averted trouble for a time, but individual acts of violence finally led to an eruption of open hostilities in January 1760. Before being promoted to governor of Jamaica, Lyttleton began raising troops and asked neighboring colonies as well as Jeffery Amherst, governor general of British North America, to send forces. Colonel Archibald Montgomery arrived in April with over 1,300 regulars (from the First Foot and Highlanders of his own Seventy-seventh Foot) and pushed up to the town of Ninety Six. Montgomery scored early successes in June by burning the so-called Lower Towns, but when he tried to penetrate into the wilderness the Cherokee dealt him a stinging defeat at Echoe on 27 June. As a result the regulars headed back to New York, leaving the isolated outpost of Fort Loudon to its fate.
In 1761 Amherst sent the competent Lieutenant Colonel James Grant back to Charleston with regulars from the First, Seventeenth, and Twenty-second Foot and some Mohawk and Stockbridge scouts.
South Carolina contributed a provincial regiment commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Laurens, rangers, allied Catawbas and Chickasaws, and a well-organized logistical train.
On 18 May this force, about 2,800 strong, reached Ninety-Six prepared for a lengthy wilderness campaign.
On 10 June the Cherokee again ambushed the column near Echoe and tried to repeat their successful tactics of concentrating on the pack train.
But Grant was a much tougher opponent than Montgomery, and the action turned into a hard-fought battle lasting six hours.
The British and colonials held their ground, suffering a dozen killed and fifty-two wounded; the Cherokee may have had as many as twice the casualties, but more importantly they expended nearly all of their ammunition.
As a result they were unable to offer further resistance as Grant spent nearly a month systematically burning the fifteen Middle Towns and destroying 1,500 acres of crops.
With a Virginia column in the Holston Valley and threatening the Overhill Towns, Chief Attakullakulla ("Little Carpenter") opened peace negotiations.
The Cherokee never really recovered from this blow. The campaign also had an influence on the Revolutionary War by providing important military experience to many of the men who would become South Carolina's military and political leaders: Henry Laurens, Francis Marion, William Moultrie, Andrew Williamson, Isaac Huger, and Andrew Pickens.
SEE ALSO Amherst, Jeffery (1717–1797); Cherokee; Grant, James; Huger, Isaac; Laurens, Henry; Marion, Francis; Moultrie, William; Ninety Six, South Carolina; Pickens, Andrew; Williamson, Andrew.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anderson, Fred. Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766. New York: Knopf, 2000.
Cole, Richard. "Montgomerie's Cherokee Campaign, 1760: Two Contemporary Views." North Carolina Historical Review 74 (January 1997): 19-36.
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“We killed a large Rattle snake & a water snake which had another in it almost as large as itself,” Capt. Christopher French, a member of Col. James Grant’s expedition against the Cherokee, marveled in his journal, May 19, 1761.
He did not seem to see the snake’s rapaciousness as any kind of a sign.
Grant’s army of over 2,000 troops was in the Lake Keowee area, near present-day Clemson. Capt. French and the fleet he’d been with had left the Jersey coast on Dec. 30, 1760, arrived in Charles Town on Jan. 6, 1761, and anchored on Jan. 9.
The expedition mission was to vanquish the Cherokee, who’d thoroughly repulsed Col. Archibald Montgomery’s force in June 1760. By that time, an Anglo-Cherokee alliance had gone bad and escalated into an all-out Anglo-Cherokee war.
The joint fort at Prince George had become the place where the British had imprisoned a delegation of 32 chiefs and executed 29 of them after the fort’s commander had been killed; and where the Cherokee had eventually starved the British out.
“I had orders to put every soul to death,” French would write on June 10, 1761, after surviving the battle of Cowhowee (near present-day Otto) and heading toward Echoy (near present-day Brasstown), the site of Montgomery’s last stand.
The waiting time
Back in Charles Town, Grant’s mission took a back seat as baggage delivery problems delayed departure two months and the soldiers turned their attention to city life. The “South Carolina Gazette” reported on March 21, 1861 that the officers and men had put on a comedy and farce for the citizens.
There were other entertainments, French revealed: a war dance by “King Higler” and 26 of his Catawba Nation; and a series of masques by a “Dutch” troupe about a madman who claimed to be God, a Devil who wanted to be killed, and people who smothered the devil between two mattresses, “saying he was come from the Moon & must, consequently, be very cold.”
The troupe was a group of Protestant radicals during the Methodist Great Awakening.
“These ‘New Lights or the Gifted Brethren,’ who ‘pretend to Inspiration,’” Anglican minister Charles Woodmason wrote in his journal, “now infest the whole Back County,” and were spreading.
On March 20, 1761, Grant’s army finally marched. About 2,000 royals, colonials, anti-Cherokee Indians, and African-American laborers-“pioneers,” French called them-made it to Monk’s Corner in two days. They stayed 24, waiting out heavy rains.
Soldiers began to desert, and not just the colonials. Poor farmers-in-arms seeking happiness found the landscape enchanting; and the natives, peaceful if one respected them. They risked their lives to grasp a dream.
“Halted & try’d seven Men for Desertion,” French noted on April 17. “They were found guilty and six of them condemned to dye.”
The army marched on, reaching the Congaree River, north of present-day Lake Marion, on April 22.
“Discipline problems inherited from the Congaree camp,” Tom Hatley notes in his book, “The Dividing Paths,” “led to the desertion of nearly 40 percent of the Carolina regiment by the time it reached Ninety-Six.”
Ninety-Six had been the British trading post at the Cherokee border, and became a fortified town.
Many sources say the place name came from the distance in miles to Keowee; or the 96 streams an Indian princess crossed to reach a British boyfriend during the Anglo-Cherokee War.
The problem is, the distance doesn’t match up and the name existed before the war.
While the British were moving toward Cherokee villages, torch in hand, negotiations were going on.
Lt. Lacklan McIntosh, criticized “by his peers for his humane treatment of the Cherokees,” according to the Summer 1977 issue of the “Journal of Cherokee Studies,” freed 113 Cherokees in exchange for “18 Bullocks; & several Peace Talks.”
At the same time Chickasaws working with the British did what the British were loath to do: they killed Cherokee citizens and prisoners and claimed scalps.
On May 3, 1761, Alexander Monypenny, Grant’s executive officer, reported that when Tistoe, one of seven Cherokee Chiefs who’d visited King George II in 1730, had left home for business, Chickasaws had attacked his wife and house boy.
“The Chickesaws scalped the Woman and Wounded the Boy,” Monypenny penned. “This is exactly true Indian Assistance.”
Last ditch appeal
Attakullakulla, another one of the chiefs who’d met the king, came to speak with Grant at Fort Prince George on May 22, and waited five days for the British Army’s arrival.
The chief’s name-Ada-gal’kala in the Cherokee transcription-translated as “Little Carpenter” and referred to his deal-making prowess. He was hoping to buy time and forge a peace at the last minute.
He was familiar with British perfidy. At age 19 in London, he’d signed a trade agreement with the King, which, he and the other chiefs discovered after they’d gotten a translation, ceded all of Carolina.
“At last,” Robert Conley relates in his book, “A Cherokee Encyclopedia,” the chiefs “decided that because they had no right to cede the lands anyway, the agreement could not be binding.”
Off to the side, a British soldier carved maps and images into a powder horn in scrimshaw fashion. Ships dock, roads wend, and deer prance in the carver’s nostalgic vision.
The horn is now in the possession of the Museum of the Cherokee Indian in Cherokee.
An alternate picture of the moment in history might have been: carpenters making packsaddles, tailors making bags, wagons being outfitted, a fort being built for wagons and stores left behind, and about 60 Cherokees surrendering to the fort to gain refuge from the coming scourge.
And it was coming.
Ada-gal’kala made a strong case about his loyalty. He’d been waging war against the French, and brought scalps. He’d turned away other Indian nations that wanted to have him join in fighting the British.
However, another leading Cherokee chief, Oconostota (Ogan’sto), continued his attacks, and sided with the French. Grant would not be dissuaded from going from Cherokee town to town, burning homes, granaries and crops, and bringing along predators with him.
On June 7, Grant, and his now 2,828 men advanced toward Cherokee country. From June 10, when they eradicated Echoy, to June 28, when they leveled Elajoy (near present-day Maryville, Tenn.), Grant’s army destroyed 17 towns, burning over 1,500 acres of corn and orchards and sending homeless families into the mountains.
Ogan’sto sued for peace, but wouldn’t go in person to meet Grant.
Ada-gal’kala went instead. Peace was achieved with South Carolina in December 1761.
Fourteen years later, Conley recounts, “Ogan’sto joined with Ada-gal’kala in making the sale to the Transylvania Company of much of what is now Tennessee and Kentucky, thereby angering Dragging Canoe and other younger Cherokee men.”
The “Journal of Cherokee Studies,” previously cited, concludes its republication of the journals of French and Monypenny with a statement by Francis Marion, a lieutenant under Grant who would become known as the Revolutionary War patriot, “Swamp Fox.”
“We proceeded, by General Grant’s orders, to burn the Indian cabins,” Marion recollected. “Some of the men seemed to enjoy this cruel work, laughing heartily at the flames, but to me it appeared a shocking sight. “When we came,” Marion continued, “to cut down the fields of corn, I could scarcely refrain from tears.”
Marion saw children’s footprints, and imagined them returning to their village, asking their mothers, “Who did this,” and getting the reply, “The white people did it-the Christians did it!”
“Thus for cursed mammon’s sake, the followers of Christ have sowed the selfish tares of hate in the bosoms of even Pagan children,” Swamp Fox charged.
Rob Neufeld writes the weekly “Visiting Our Past” column for the Citizen-Times. He is the author of books on history and literature, and manages the WNC book and heritage website, “The Read on WNC.” Follow him on Twitter @WNC_chronicler; email him at RNeufeld@charter.net; call 828-505-1973.
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William Henry Lyttelton
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Lyttelton's Expedition part I - Little Carpenter can just cry
Dec 5, 2023
Lyttelton's Expediton II - in an enchanted, dangerous forest
Dec 6, 2023
Lyttelton's Expediton Part III - the salute or salute? at Keowee
Dec 6, 2023
Lyttelton's Treaty with the Cherokees 26 Dec 1759 - Part IV
Dec 26, 2023
Lyttelton's Expedition mid to end of Nov 1759
Nov 19, 2023
Lyttelton's Expedition has left - Tricky Trader John Elliott's end
Jan 2 2024
Governor Lyttelton of SC
Nov 1, 2023
William Byrd III
Cherokee War and Byrd Expedition in Aug-Oct 1760 Timetable
Aug 29
jimmoyer1
Byrd Expedition seeks decisions from Council July to Sept 1760
Aug 23
jimmoyer1
Byrd's Expedition towards the Cherokees July 1760 Timetable
Jul 13
jimmoyer1
Byrd is supposed to save this other Fort Loudoun in today's Tennessee
Jun 16
jimmoyer1
Byrd & Montgomery Expeditions in May 1760 heading towards the Cherokee Homelands
May 25
jimmoyer1
Byrd and Andrew Lewis Virginia Expedition & Montgomery Timetable
Apr 16
jimmoyer1
Goodbye George Washington, Hello William Byrd III Timeline
Jan 1, 2023
jimmoyer1
Archibald Montgomery
Cherokees push back Montgomery
Jun 5
jimmoyer1
First Blood in Montgomery's Expedition against the Cherokee Nation June 1760
Jun 2
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Byrd & Montgomery Expeditions in May 1760 heading towards the Cherokee Homelands
May 25
jimmoyer1
Washington comments on Montgomery's Expedition
Apr 29
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Byrd and Andrew Lewis Virginia Expedition & Montgomery Timetable
Apr 16
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Montgomery's and Virginia's Expedition starting in 1760
Apr 14
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James Grant
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