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Cherokee War Epilogue 1760-1762

In here are excerpts from Virginia's upper chamber, The Council. Sometimes called the Board in its journals, this body had different functions. It was advisor to the Governor. It was the Supreme Court of Virginia. It was the upper house of a bicameral legislature. The House of Burgesses was the lower house.


We look at the last stage of the Cherokee War from the point of view of Virginiia Council.


This last stage was the Grant Expedition and the Byrd Expedition



Expeditons towards Cherokee lands


Byrd Expedition 1759-1761




Here are excerpts from the Virginia Council journals:


Table of Contents








Compiled by Jim Moyer 12/09/2024, updated 12/10/2024





Jacob Dean



 

The Amherst Plan



Also a Letter from his Excellency dated New York Decr . the 28th signifying he had been occupied in Assembling and embarking for South Carolina , a Body of Troops intended , and he trusts every way capable , in conjunction with the Provincial Forces furnished by the two Carolinas and Virginia to chastise the Cherokees.


That of the [Amherst letter] 21st signifying he [Amherst] is firmly persuaded , if Virginia continues the old Regiment of a thousand Men by acting agreeably to the plan laid down of attacking the upper Cherokee Towns whilst Lieutenant Colonel Grant with the Body of Regulars and the Provincial Troops of South Carolina attack the lower ones , that the Indians must soon be reduced to the greatest Extremity's and be incapacited from renewing Hostillities and that it is not in his [Amherst's] Power from the present Disposition of his Majesty's Forces to send any more powerful succour than what he has already assisted them with. All which he intreats his Honour to lay before the Assembly and back with all his Influence .




Partially rejected by Virginia


They agree to making the troop strength of the Virginia Regiment to 1000 total.


They already have 300 stationed in Pennsylvania.


But they do not agree to moving their troops into the upper Cherokee towns while Grant the South Carolina provincials attack the lower Cherokee towns.



At a Council held April the 11th 1761


The Governour was pleas'd to lay before the Board an Address to him from the House of Burgesses , in consequence of his written Message to them the 9th of this instant acquainting them with General Amherst's special request that this Government should raise 65. See page 678 for the Minutes of March 26 , 1761 .


Seven hundred Men more for the expedition against the Cherokees , signifying their inability to comply with the Generals Requisition ; and to desire their advice what measures it would be most prudent for him to pursue under the present circumstances of Affairs to promote the General service . Whereupon the Council advised his Honour to issue his Warrants immediately for recruiting the Regi- ment to a Thousand effective Men , to discharge all the invalids , to Order the Regiment to be in readiness to March as soon as the Waggons with Tents and other necessaries should arrive from Pensylvania , and then to proceed as far as the Great Island and to Garrison the Forts left by the Regiment on the south West Frontiers with the Militia .


They further advised his Honour to inform the General of what had been resolv'd on , and intimate to him , that all the hopes we entertain of any good resulting from our most vigorous Efforts depend solely upon Colonel Grant's success , the Council being unanimously of Opinion that our Forces are quite unequal to so arduous and Perilous an undertaking .




Amherst insists Virginia can do his plan


His Honour was pleas'd to communicate two Letters from his Excellency General Amherst dated Albany May the 28th and June the 3d signifying if the Virginia Regiment is compleat he can't deviate in his Opinion but that they are equal to the service they are order'd upon ; and hopes the whole of the North Carolina Troops will arrive in Time to join and Act with the Virginia Regi- ment as he had writ to Governour Dobbs to desire that what where not march'd might immediately follow .









 

Avoid Antagonizing Indians



At a Council held June 10th 1761


A Letter from the Lords of Trade dated February the 17th signi- fying it is impossible for them for want of sufficient Information upon several Points , to give any explicit Opinion upon the Doubt which has occurr'd as to the Propriety of making further Grants upon Carraway and Green Brier River , and desiring his Honour will take no steps towards making Grants of those Lands , until he can inform their Lordships , whether this part of the Country is , or is not , claimed by the Indians as their Property , and shall receive their further directions thereupon . Upon which it was the advice of the Council that the consideration of the said Letter be postponed till his Honour can procure Copies of the Treaties made by General Forbes and General Monkton with the Indians , and all other Engagements lately entered into with them .




At a Council held January 16th 1762


His Honour also produced to the Board a Copy of a Proclamation published by Henry Bouquett Esqr . Colo . of Foot and Commander at Fort Pitt and Dependences , prohibiting any of his Majesty's Subjects to settle and Hunt to the West of the Allegany Mountains on any pretence whatever without leave in Writing from the General or the Governour's of the Respective Provinces , and pro- ducing the same to the Commanding Officer at Fort Pitt .


Whereupon it was the advice of the Council that his Honour would write to General Amherst on the subject , and represent the same to the Lords of Trade , and also acquaint Colo . Bouquett that the said Proclamation has given great uneasiness here , and desire to know what were the Motives which induced him to publish it .





At a Council held Janry . 21st 1762


Order'd , That an Advertizement be inserted in the Gazette pro- hibiting Surveyor's from admitting any Entries to be made with them for Lands lying to the West of the Allegany Mountains till further Orders shall be made thereon .



At a Council held March 11th 1762


Also a Letter from Colonel Bouquett dated Fort Pitt the 8th of February concerning the Orders issued by him to prevent people Hunting or settling to the Westward of the Allegany Hills in Answer to his Honour's Letter of the 17th January upon that subject .




 

Status of Adam Stephen and troops


The status of the 300 Virginians at Fort Pitt


At a Council held November the 12th 1760

The Governour Communicated a Letter from Brigadier General Moncton dated Fort Bedford October the 30th signifying he is under a necessity of sending Orders to the Commanding Officer at Fort Pitt and to Lieutenant Colo . Stephen for the Virginia Troops to remain where they now are until he can hear from General Amherst , as the Garrisons can't be kept without them .


Upon which the Council advised his Honour to acquaint General Moncton that if he will take upon himself to detain the Virginia Troops , they must be put on British Pay ;


but in that case it is expected he will apply to General Amherst that they may be remanded back to us by February next


as it is probable we shall want their Aid towards repelling Hostilities which the southern Indians may renew against us .



At a Council held March the 5th 1761

A Letter from Lieutenant Colo . Stephen dated Winchester January the 30th desiring his Honours Orders how he would have the different Garrisons disposed of — informing that he has the General's Command for leaving three Hundred Men of his Detachment at the different Posts that many of the old soldiers and recruits want Blankets — adding he should be glad to learn whether they are to be supplied at their own or the Country's Expense .



A Letter from Brigr . General Moncton dated Philadelphia December the 18th informing he has sent Orders for such of the Virginians as can be immediately spared to March to Winchester and that the remainder will follow as soon as he can get a part of Colo . Vaughan's regiment up to relieve them




A Letter from Captain Bullit , with a Copy of one to him from Lieutenant William Flemming , dated Fort Chiswell February 7th desiring his Honours Instructions respecting many Cherokees soon expected at their Camp with Prisoners , and inclosing the Talks of several Chiefs of those Indians , purporting their disposition to Peace , and resolution to refrain from further Hostilities .





At a Council held June 10th 1761


A Letter from Lieutenant Colo . Stephen dated Winchester May 31st signifying the last of the Regimental stores arrived from Philadelphia the other Day , and are on the Way to Augusta under the care of Captain Woodward's Company detained on purpose to escort them . That the Virginians at Redstone and Fort Cumberland are expected to join them as soon as Colo . Bouquet can dispense with their service , but that the Pennsylvanians , who are to relieve them , recruit very slowly .




At a Council held October the 26th 1761


The Governor communicated to the Board two Letters from Colo . Stephen

the first dated Camp at the Great Island October the 4th


signifying he had opened a Waggon Road to the Big Island and taken Post on the main River of Holston - that he had received a Letter from Conocotocho Emperor of the Cherokees , expressing great sorrow for the War that had between him and us ; assuring they are tired of fighting , with their elder Brothers the English , and promising to live hereafter as Brothers ; informing that he had sent the little Carpenter and ten of their Head Men to Charles Town to make a firm Peace , that they had a good Talk from the Gover- nour there , that the Path is now streight , their Hearts clean and the Chain bright ; also a Letter from the great Warriour and Messages from several other leading Men to the same purpose which Letters together with his Answers he sent inclosed : adding he proposes to erect a respectable Port on that River which will answer all Pur- poses better than a Post in the Nation , that the Expenses of maintaining about three hundred Men there will be but small , could the Commander in Chief in America be prevail'd on to Victual them at the expence of the Crown .


Upon which it was the advice of the Council that his Honour would refer the consideration of the said Letters to the House of Burgesses .


The other Letter from Colo . Stephen was dated October 8th signifying he had received advice that Colo . Waddell was arrived at Fort Chiswell with about three hundred Men and some Tuscarora Indians .





At a Council held Decr . 10th 1761


The Governour was pleas'd to communicate to the Board a Letter from Colo . Stephen dated Camp at the Great Island of Holston November the 25th informing of the arrival of the King and Governour of the Cherokee Nation in Camp on the 17th , with the Articles of Peace which he sent inclos'd , together with the Speeches of the King and Head Warrior , confirm'd with the Belts of Wampum .

Whereupon the Council were of Opinion that this is sufficient Authority for the Governour to disband the Regiment immediately , tho ' he has not heard from Lieutenant Governour Bull in Confirma- tion of the Peace .




At a Council held January 16th 1762


The Governour was pleas'd to Communicate a Letter from Lieutenant Colo . Stephen dated fort Chiswell December the 22d signifying Lieutenant Woodford comes to conduct Scalelosky , with other Cherokee Indians specially deputed by the King and Gov- ernour of their Nation to confirm the Peace , and give a proof of their sincerity , that he has desired Mr. Woodford to send for Abram Smith to interpret what they have to say to his Honour , as Maclemore whom he was obliged to employ for want of another was not to be depended on , when not under Military Discipline , and signified to the Council he proposed to give them an Audience when Smith came .




At a Council held Janry . 21st 1762


The Governour this Day gave an Audience in the Council Chamber to Scalelosky and the Raven accompanied with two more of the Cherokee's , who came with a Message from the King of their Nation ; Abram Smith and Maclemore attending as Interpreters .

His Honour gave them to understand that the Letter they brought from the Standing Turkey afforded him great pleasure that he considered it as an Evidence of Tranquility being happily reestab- lish'd between us , and accepted of the Belts of Wampum delivered to the Commanding Officer at the Great Island as a confirmation thereof , which he should preserve as Monuments of their profess'd Fidelity that tho ' Governour Bull had not transmitted to him an authenticated copy of the Treaty , yet he entertain'd no doubt of the reality and solidity of it , and received them as true Brethren - he assured them the Peace would be inviolably adhered to on our part , and persuaded himself they were equally determined never to infringe any Article of it — he hoped they were fully convinced of the perfidy and insincerity of the French and of their being reduced to an absolute inability of assisting them in any respect ; and that they had now a just sense of the important advantages which would accrue to their Nation from their firm attachment to the English , who were alone able and willing to supply them with Goods and all necessary's they would stand in need of — He observed to them that our gracious sovereign was as fond of cherishing and protecting his Allies , as he was capable of chastising and punishing his Enemies ; that it was expected the former would



learn to esteem the Clemency and affection of so good a Father , as the latter had been taught to dread the Power and strength of so great a Monarch - he assur'd them they might rely upon travelling unmolested and with the greatest security to their Nation , and being well accommodated on the road thro ' out their Journey - and signified he intended to make them a small present , before they left Town as a Token of Amity - that he had not any Wampum now to give them but would send some after them as soon as it could be procured . Scalelosky answer'd he was a young Man and not us'd to speak in Public - that they were only deputed to deliver the Message from their King - that they were highly pleas'd with the Governour's Talk , and thankful for the kind reception they had met with , that they rejoiced to find the Path now Streight , and heartily wish'd it might be for ever kept so ; and gave a string of Wampum . The Raven spoke to the same effect , adding they should be glad to be despatch'd , as they were ordered to return as speedily as they could , and requested an Answer in Writing to carry back with them.73


The Governour replied they should be detain'd no longer than till the Cloaths & c could be got ready which he propos'd to give them and that he would prepare a Letter in the meantime for them to take to the standing Turky in Answer to that they brought from him . His Honour and the Council then took the Indians in a friendly manner by the Hand , after which they withdrew extremely well satisfied .



73. The Minutes for this date give a version of the Governor's audience with the Indians which differs in various ways from the Journal account . Note par- ticularly the references to proposed trade , and the mention of " Willonowa " as a source of the gift of wampum :

The Governor this Day gave an Audience to Scalelosky and three more Cherokees accompanying him sent by the Standing Turky to confirm the Peace etcetera The Governor told them that by the Letter from the King inform- ing him of the Peace he now look'd on them as Brethren , believd they were satisfied the English were the best qualified to supply them with Trade , and enabled to resent any Insults , hoped they repented having committed the past Outrages , and that we should live hereafter as Brothers ought to do , that a Trade would be carried on for a mutual advantage , that an authentic Informa- tion had not been yet received from Governor Bull , and that they must be satisfied for the present with a few Presents as a Token of Amity , and that he received them as Brethren and friends and that they should be conducted back







The End of the Virginia Regiment


At a Council held March 11th 1762


Likewise another Letter from Colo . Stephen dated Fort Amherst the 20th Febry . signifying that agreeably to his Honour's Orders he will disband the Virginia Regiment as soon as the Officers can possibly settle with the Men and pay them off .



At a Council held March 11th 1762


Also a Letter from Colo . Stephen dated Fort Lewis January 30th signifying he had march'd down the Regiment to that Post in obedience to his Honour's Commands leaving about a hundred Men at the advanced Post and small Parties on the Communication to take care of what Stores could not be removed for want of Carriages .


Likewise another Letter from Colo . Stephen dated Fort Amherst the 20th Febry . signifying that agreeably to his Honour's Orders he will disband the Virginia Regiment as soon as the Officers can possibly settle with the Men and pay them off .




But now Amherst wants men


At a Council held March 30th 1762


Also a Letter from Sir Jeffery Amherst dated New York Febry 21st signifying the number of Men he expects from this Colony for that service , and laying before his Honour the method proposed for raising them ; the Terms on which they are to be inlisted , and the encouragement they will receive .



 

Status of Colonel Byrd


At a Council held November the 12th 1760

His Honour also communicated a Letter from Colo . Byrd dated Camp at Sayer's November the 3d signifying the little Carpenter returned to that place on Saturday with thirty two Cherokees , and delivered up to him ten more of Captain Demeri's Company -


that the Indians have agreed to suspend all Hostilities till the New Moon in March


when they promise to come in to that Post on his Terms ,


provided the Army proceeds no further this Fall , and their Party returns safe that he shall dismiss the savages as soon as the Goods come up — that he shall endeavour to station the Troops in such a manner as will best protect the Frontier .




At a Council held March the 5th 1761


A Letter from Colo. Byrd; dated Philadelphia, February the 6th signifying that General Amherst had been pleased to insist he should serve the next Campaign, provided Colo. Grant does not prevail on the Cherokees to comply with the Terms of Peace propos'd—that the General intends to form a little Army to march to the over Hills Cherokee, which he is to command-that as soon as the General






At a Council held April the 29th 1761


His Honour was pleased to lay before the Council a Letter he thought proper to write to General Amherst signifying he had re- stored Colo . Byrd to his Commission which he had resign'd the begining of December , —that he had given him Orders to put himself under his Excellency's Command , and to act conformably to all Orders he shall receive from his Excellency in Relation to any Military Operations during the Expedition , and the time for which the Men are raised and provided for by the Colony .





At a Council held June 10th 1761


Two Letters from Colo . Byrd dated Staunton May the 25th and 29th ; the first signifying his arrival there that Evening — that he is informed the Detachment from Winchester will be in next Day- that he fears the Want of Provisions will retard the Execution of his Orders - that as soon as he can support the Men at Fort- Chiswell , he shall March them there : The second informing of his situation and that it is out of his power at present to proceed in executing his Instructions - that the Troops from Winchester came in on Wednesday , and were thirty Days on their March — that the Commissaries trusting to the Contractors , who did not seem to give themselves any Trouble about the Matter , had neglected to lay in any Provision .


He is of Opinion Colo . Grant's Fate must be determined before the Troops can leave that place — that it will be time enough for the Recruiting Officers to join at Fort - Chiswell by the 20th of July and therefore thinks it will be proper to continue them in that Service .




At a Council held June 29th 1761


Also 2 Letters from Colo . Byrd dated Camp at Fort Lewis June 23d signifying he has all the Provision and Carriages collected that he could in Augusta - that he has a Month's Provision , shall proceed from thence as soon as possible and hopes to have the whole Regiment at Fort Chiswell by the first of July - thinks it will be


necessary to order the County Lieutenants of Augusta , Bedford and Halifax to warn proper Detachments of their Militia to be in readyness to March on the first Notice from him to Garrison the Posts as he shall leave them -


desires his Honour would give

Lieu- tenant Colo . Stephen a Breviat as Colonel of the 2d Regiment raised in 1759 ;

and Major Lewis another as Colonel of the New Levies last Campaign ;


and that he will order the Payment of Mr. David Franks's Account for stores he supplied the Regiment with—


adding he learns by two Men arrived in Camp in seven Days from the Cherokee Nation who made their Escape the 16th instant that there is not the least appearance of a Peace , they say the savage Army amounts to two thousand two hundred Men , and that Colonel Grant was obliged to intrench at Nowoko eight miles below Etchowe .


Upon which it was the Advice of the Council that his Honour would give such Orders as he should judge necessary for garrisoning the Posts with the Militia ;


that he would grant the Commissions requested for Colo . Stephen , and Major Lewis ; and issue his War- rant for the Payment of M'r Franks's Account .




At a Council held September the 11th 1761


His Honour acquainted the Council that he proposed setting off next Week for New York to visit Sir Jeffrey Amherst , to represent to him in the clearest light the present Circumstances of this Colony , and more especially its situation in respect to the southern Indians .


The Governour was pleased to lay before the Board several Letters he had received from Colo Byrd , signifying the Many Difficulties and Disappointments he had laboured under ,


and the impracticability of his proceeding to the Cherokee Country , and that , as the Campaign was over he was determined to wait on General Amherst , to remove any Blame that can be thrown on the Colony or himself .





At a Council held October the 17th 1761


The Governour acquainted the Council that he had a conference with Sir Jeffery Amherst at New York , and that his Excellency was pleased to say he was extremely well satisfied with the conduct of this Colony during the whole progress of this War .


Also a Letter from Colo . Stephen dated Fort Chiswell September the 7th informing he had received a Letter from Colo . Waddell directed to Colo . Byrd dated Salisbury the 26th of August advising he had just arrived there with 374 Men and 52 Indians that he had not above 50 Stands of Arms for the whole , but would use his endeavours to collect a sufficient Number thro ' the Province , and was ready to obey his Orders ; that thereupon he had dispatched an Express to Colo . Waddell informing him of the General's Intentions and requesting him to hurry off his Men by Detachment to join him , as fast as he could get them arm'd and appointed- that he shall immediately advance as far as the main River of



Houlston and there act according to circumstances that he shall order all the Cherokees to leave the Camp , and never to return but with the certain News of a Peace , or with all the Chiefs of the Nation on their Way to Williamsburg to confirm it .



At a Council held October the 26th 1761







At a Council held June 9th 1762


William Byrd III is now on the Council




 

Fort Names cited


At a Council held June 29th 1761


Also 2 Letters from Colo . Byrd dated Camp at Fort Lewis June 23d signifying he has all the Provision and Carriages collected that he could in Augusta - that he has a Month's Provision , shall proceed from thence as soon as possible and hopes to have the whole Regiment at Fort Chiswell by the first of July . . .




At a Council held March 11th 1762


Likewise another Letter from Colo . Stephen dated Fort Amherst the 20th Febry . signifying that agreeably to his Honour's Orders he will disband the Virginia Regiment as soon as the Officers can possibly settle with the Men and pay them off .





Hampshire county courthouse in Romney


At a Council held Decr . the 9th 1761


On the Petition of the Inhabitants of Hampshire , for reasons appearing to the Board , it is ordered that the Court House of the said County be established on a place call'd Pearsall's Level , and that a Writ issue for adjouring all Pleas depending in their Court to the said Place .




 

Peace


and in the Country

with safety - accepts the Wampum as Evidence of Peace , which came from Willonowa and the standing Turky , and that they should be kept as such - that he has no wampum now , but would send some etcetera .

He answered , he was a young man , not used to talk , he only came to deliver the King's speech , they were all glad , to find the white men and they were in one mind , and that the path which is now streight , would be kept to for ever -that they had nothing to desire now , but a Trade , which they hoped they should be soon favord with that they have abundance of skins they should be glad to exchange for goods . Governor told them he should use all possible Dispatch to accommodate them for their Return , that he has given orders for their being supplied with all necessaries — they expressed great satisfaction in the Entertainment they had found , were thankful for it - they were desirous of going back as soon as they could - the Governor told them he should detain ' em no longer in town , than till the Things could be got which he proposed to make them a present of .

They desird something in writing from his Honor to carry to the Standing Turk . which the Governor promisd them .




At a Council held March 11th 1762


With a letter from the Head Men and Warriours in behalf of the whole Nation of Cherokees dated Settico 74 Decemr . 25th declaring their intire satisfaction in what pass'd at the Big Island , accompanied with a Belt and a Mixt string of Wampum and a string of Beads , which they desire may be accepted as the strongest Pledges they can give of Truth and Friendship ; also a string of small white Beads from the Women to testify their regard for the English .


The Board taking under consideration the fatal consequences which a fresh Rupture with the Cherokees must be productive of ,


it was order'd that a Proclamation issue strictly requiring all people in this Government to behave with the most perfect amity towards the said Indians , and promising , in case any Cherokee shall be murdered by a subject of this Colony a reward of two hundred pounds to any person who shall make Information thereof on conviction of the Offender .




At a Council held March 30th 1762


Also a Letter from Governour Boone dated Charles Town South Carolina February 16th observing on the state of matters between that Colony and the Cherokees , inclosing a Copy of the ratified Treaty executed on the 18th December ; and adding that he has recommended to the assembly then sitting the framing of an Indian Trade Act which when pass'd he shall send his Honour a Copy of .



 

New Governors


At a Council held March 11th 1762


Also a Letter from Governour Boone dated South Carolina Janry . the 4th informing of his Arrival in that Province .




At a Council held April the 3d 1762


The Governour produced to the Board his Majesty's Commission bearing date the 4th April 1761 , constituting and appointing Major General Sir Jeffery Amher [ s ] t Captain General and Gov- ernour in Chief of Virginia .





 

Inflation


At a Council held April the 3d 1762



As there is a diversity of Opinion prevailing among Gentlemen of the two different Branches of the Legislature as to the clause of an Emission of Paper Money contained in the Bill now before the General Assembly , for granting a supply to his Majesty to raise a Regiment : I think it adviseable that an affair of this Importance and consequence should be duly considered by all the Gentlemen of his Majesty's Council who are in the Colony and can attend ; I therefore desire your presence at the Capitol on Tuesday next , that you may have an opportunity of giving your Opinion on so weighty a matter.76







 

The Expeditions


The expeditions all in one link






 

Lyttelton Expedition


Stories of this 1759 expedition were posted in 2023



Lyttelton's Expedition part I - Little Carpenter can just cry


Lyttelton's Expediton II - in an enchanted, dangerous forest


Lyttelton's Expediton III- the salute or salute? at Keowee







Lyttelton's Expedition part V - Tricky Trader John Elliott's end







 

Montgomery Expedition


Stories of this 1760 expedition posted in 2024


Posted Jun 5, 2024


Posted Jun 2, 2024


Posted May 25, 2024


Washington comments on Montgomery's Expedition

Apr 29


Byrd and Andrew Lewis Virginia Expedition & Montgomery Timetable

Apr 16


Montgomery's and Virginia's Expedition starting in 1760





Aug 29






 

Byrd Expedition



Jan 1, 2023


Nov 10, 2023





Apr 16


May 25


Posted June 2024


Posted June 2024


Jul 13


Aug 29


Aug 23


Auust 2024



Posted October 2024


April 2024



Timeline of the Byrd Expedition




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Grant Expedition


Posted Aug 31, 2024


Timetable

James Grant Expedition


1760

In 1760, the Cherokee stopped the advance of Montgomery during his expedition against their Middle Towns, defeating him at Echoee on June 24 and forcing him to retire.


In the first part of August,

the Cherokees captured Fort Loudon. Panic and consternation reigned in Charleston at the news.


On December 15, 1760,

Lord Jeffrey Amherst, the British commander-in-chief in America, being now master of Canada, sent orders to Colonel James Grant to prepare a new expedition against the Cherokee for the defence of the southern provinces.


On December 23,

Grant's force sailed from New York for Charleston where he arrived January 10 1761.



1761

January 17, 1761,

Grant wrote to Amherst from Charleston, where he was assembling his force, to expose him the difficulty of his mission. It seemed impossible to find forage for cattle and horses along his line of advance before April.


On March 24,

Chief Ostenaco sent a parley to Grant from his village of Tomotley.


On April 1,

Chief Seroweh came in person to discuss.


By mid April,

delayed by heavy rain, Grant was still encamped at Monk's Corner.


On April 14,

Grant finally started his march towards the Congaree River.


On April 22,

Grant arrived at the Congaree where he was joined by the South Carolina Provincials and the 1st Royal Regiment of Foot. This brought his total force to:


By April 25,

the Cherokee had released several prisoners taken at Fort Loudoun who rejoined Fort Prince George.


At the end of April,

a Chickasaw scouting party sent forward by Grant attacked the village of Keowee, killing Chief Tistoe's wife and wounding his son, before returning to “12 Mile Run” near Saluda.


On May 4, a cyclone struck Charleston. The weather was terrible and Grant's advance very slow.

On May 18, Grant reached Fort Ninety Six where where it joined 401 rangers led by Thompson.

On May 22, Chief Ada-gal’kala arrived at Fort Prince George to open peace negotiations.

On May 23, Grant, still on his way to Fort Prince George, was informed of Chief Ada-gal’kala's arrival.

On May 24, Grant's messenger, carrying proposals for Chief Ada-gal’kala, arrived at Fort Prince George after the latter's departure.


On May 27, Grant's army finally arrived at Fort Prince George. Chief Ada-gal’kala, hearing that a formidable army approached his nation, hastened to the camp of Colonel Grant and proposed terms of accommodation but did not come to any agreement.


On May 28, Grant put his men to work to prepare for the invasion of the Middle Towns and to make a camp to protect his 150 wagons which he intent to leave behind.


On May 29, Chief Ada-gal’kala quitted Fort Prince George to carry Grant's condition to the Cherokee.


By June 2, more than 60 Cherokee had put themselves under Grant's protection at Fort Prince George.

On June 7, Grant, at the head of 2,600 men advanced towards the Cherokee country.


On June 11 at 8:00 a.m.,

after three days of forced march, an engagement took place at Etchoe on almost the same ground where Cherokee warriors had fought Montgomery in the previous campaign. The action fought under heavy rain lasted till 2:00 p.m. and the Cherokee were finally forced to retire. In this action, Grant lost about 60 men killed or wounded, not counting the losses of his Indian allies. In this engagement, Grant lost:

  • 1st Royal Regiment of Foot: Ensign Knight wounded, 1 soldier killed, 4 wounded

  • 17th Foot and 22nd Foot: 6 soldiers wounded, Ensign Monro of the 22nd killed

  • 95th Foot: Lieutenant Barber and Ensign Campbell wounded, 1 sergeant and 4 soldiers killed, 16 soldiers wounded

  • South Carolina Provincials: Lieutenant Terry wounded, 1 soldier killed, 1 drummer and 12 soldiers wounded

  • Native American Allies: 1 wounded

  • Rangers: 1 soldier killed and 2 wounded

  • Pack horse men: 1 soldier killed and 5 wounded


After the engagement, Grant's force marched forward to the Cherokee village of Echoee which they reached about midnight of June 12.


On the morning of June 12,

Grant burnt the village of Echoee. Grant then proceeded to 14 other villages of the Middle Towns where he destroyed the granaries and corn fields and burnt the villages. He drove back the Cherokee to the mountains.

Grant then returned to Fort Prince George.


In September

Ada-gal’kala, Ostenaco and 17 other leaders went to Fort Prince George to surrender and sign a new peace treaty. However, Grant’s terms were insulting and included the public execution of four Cherokees. Ada-gal’kala refused to sign.


In November

Standing Turkey and 400 Cherokee made peace with Governor Stephens of Virginia.


Editor note: This "Governor Stephens" is incorrect. Most of this timetable was taken from Kronoskaf. This is actually Colonel Adam Stephen of the Virginia Regiment given the the authority by Virginia Lt Gov Francis Fauquier to make peace with the Cherokees.



In December,

Chief Ada-gal’kala went to Charlestown to talk to Governor Bull, and a treaty was signed between South Carolina and the Cherokee. At his request, Ada-gal’kala’s old friend John Stuart (Bushyhead) was made Indian Agent for South Carolina.



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War in West and North


Rogers and his expedition leaves from Fort Pitt 10 Oct 1760 and arrives in Detroit 11 Nov 1760.



Here he is in Venango (today's Franklin Pa). He's been there since August 9, 1760. He's lost his Swiss engineer to design and build a new fort. The French burned down their fort here. That was Fort Machault. That fort had its moment. At one point in April 1759 it became the staging area for thousands of French and Indians to retake Pittsburgh. But it had to forgo those plans when Fort Niagara came under siege.





 

Cherokee Stories


Cherokee War Epilogue 1760-1762

Nov 30


Posted June 2024


Cherokee attacks on Massanutten and Short Mountain?

Apr 17, 2022


Cherokee attack Fort Dobbs

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The Cherokee War May 1760, VA and SC and England

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Cherokee Men, killed less than 3 yrs later. They were here.

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Cherokee - its hawks and doves

Jul 31, 2023


Cherokee and Blacks

Oct 22, 2022


Cherokee Conjurers right near Fort Duquesne

Aug 5, 2022


Cherokee Townhouse

Jul 10, 2022


Cherokee Warriors, Politics and White Traders

May 4, 2022


The tally of Cherokee and Catawba allies in Winchester VA

Apr 24, 2022


Warn the Cherokee at Fort Loudoun, Don't attack.

Mar 26, 2022


The Cherokee are coming Now? Why?

Feb 6, 2022


200 to South Carolina, 100 to Cherokee lands

Apr 18, 2021


Cherokee allies - oh they're coming too

Feb 28, 2021


Andrew Lewis's fort for the Cherokee

Dec 23, 2020


 

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